西藏天然草原生态保护补助奖励政策对农牧民家庭收入的影响

发布时间：2018-05-25 20:45

本文选题：生态补偿 + 家庭收入　；参考：《草业学报》2017年03期

【摘要】：西藏高寒草地生态保护不仅关系当地人民生活水平的提升,而且关乎我国东部地区的生态和经济安全,是我国重要的生态安全屏障之一。为遏止高寒草地退化,恢复已退化草地的生态功能,保护未退化高寒草地资源,在2011年国家启动天然草原生态保护补助奖励政策(以下简称"草奖"政策)。2014年我们深入西藏3类地区(纯牧区、半农半牧区、纯农区)的农、牧家庭进行问卷调查,从家庭牧业生产、家庭收入与构成及农牧户间收入差距3方面剖析了政策实施3年(2011-2013年)的社会经济影响。研究发现,1)草原生态保护补助奖励机制的政策福利存在地域间的不均衡性,纯牧区家庭享有更多经济福利;2)"草奖"政策改变了牧区家庭的收入结构,转移性收入超过家庭经营性收入,成为牧民家庭的重要收入来源;3)"草奖"政策有利于缩小牧区和农区贫富差距,但对于半农半牧区效果不明显。因此,政策措施需要进行适时适度地调整,从补偿标准、方式、力度等方面进行优化,体现高寒草地生态功能的地域性差异,使其符合各地域农牧家庭的实际生产,促使西藏高原草地畜牧业的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Ecological protection of Tibetan alpine grassland is not only related to the improvement of local people's living standard, but also to the ecological and economic security of the eastern part of China. It is one of the important ecological security barriers in China. In order to stop the degradation of alpine grassland, restore the ecological function of degraded grassland and protect the undegraded alpine grassland resources, In 2011, the state launched the Natural grassland Ecological Protection subsidy Policy (hereinafter referred to as the "Grass Award" policy). In 2014, we went to three types of Tibetan areas (pure pastoral areas, semi-rural and semi-pastoral areas, pure agricultural areas) to conduct questionnaire surveys. This paper analyzes the social and economic effects of the implementation of the policy from three aspects: family animal husbandry production, household income and composition, and income gap between farm and pastoral households. The study found that (1) the policy and welfare of the grassland ecological protection subsidy incentive mechanism is not balanced among regions, and the pure pastoral families enjoy more economic benefits. 2) the "grass prize" policy has changed the income structure of pastoral families. The policy of "grass prize" is helpful to narrow the gap between rich and poor in pastoral and agricultural areas, but the effect on semi-rural and semi-pastoral areas is not obvious. Therefore, the policy measures need to be adjusted in a timely and appropriate manner and optimized in terms of compensation standards, methods and dynamics, so as to reflect the regional differences of ecological functions of alpine grasslands, so as to make them conform to the actual production of agricultural and pastoral families in various regions. Promote the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry in Tibet plateau.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室拉萨高原生态试验站;中国科学院大学;达勒姆植物科学中心德国柏林自由大学;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD14B006) 西藏自治区重大科技专项(2016-ZR-QY-06) 西藏自治区自然科学基金(2016ZR-QY-06) 国家自然青年基金项目(41401070)资助
【分类号】：F323.22;F323.8

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