盱眙月亮山典型人工林水土保持功能研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 12:28

本文选题：水土保持功能 + 层次分析　；参考：《南京林业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：盱眙县地处淮河下游,与其他地区不同,盱眙县火山岩丘陵地区具有土壤土层薄,土壤粘重,表层土疏松,容重小,保水持水能力差的特点,更容易受到侵蚀。且该地区林分配置不科学,森林资源分布不平衡,幼、中林居多,森林低龄化问题严重,森林防护效能低下,加上经济林下人为活动频繁,对植被的水土保持功能产生了很大的影响。导致该地区生态环境越来越脆弱,水土流失等问题越来越引起了人们的重视。结合江苏省林业三新工程项目,以盱眙月亮山5种人工林地为研究对象,在多次野外实地调查和实验室数据分析的基础上,运用AHP层次分析法,TOPSIS逼近理想点法,并且构建了多层次指标评价体系,从枯落物层和土壤层两个层面分析了盱眙月亮山地区人工林的水土保持功能,对几种人工林的水土保持功能进行了评价和分析,主要结论如下:(1)五种林下枯落物蓄积量为5.12~15.31t/hm2,最大持水率变化范围164.09%~250.76%,最大持水量变化范围8.40~41.18t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为3.55~28.12t/hm2,从大到小依次为杨树林朴树林桃树林杨梅林墨西哥柏林。观察5种人工林下枯落物的持水过程的动态变化,发现持水量和吸水速度随时间的变化是相似的,持水量和浸泡时长呈正比增长,历经24小时在水中的浸泡,枯落物的持水能力达到最大值,浸水开始的最初两小时内,5种林地的枯落物吸水作用较强。杨树林地土壤的最大持水量和非毛管持水量均是最大,达到了305.24t/hm2和305.24t/hm2,并且杨树林地的渗透性能也是最好的。(2)在土壤抗蚀性方面:通过对土壤水稳性团聚体特征、有机质含量等指标的测定与分析,研究了人工林对土壤可蚀性的影响。5种人工林在抗蚀能力方面存在明显的差距,其中杨树林下土壤的抗蚀能力最强,土壤抗蚀性与0.5mm水稳性团聚体含量、0.25mm水稳性团聚体含量、水稳性团聚体分形维数、团聚体分散率、团聚体稳定性指数、有机质含量显著相关。(3)在分层研究了盱眙月亮山的5种人工林的水文和保土功能的基础上,本文结合层次分析和TOPSIS等分析方法对5种人工林的水土保持能力做出了定量的评价,结果为:杨树林朴树林桃树林杨梅林墨西哥柏林。
[Abstract]:Xuyi County is located in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River. Different from other areas, the volcanic rock hilly area in Xuyi County is more vulnerable to erosion because of its thin soil layer, clay density, loose surface soil, low bulk density and poor water holding capacity. Moreover, the distribution of forest resources in this area is not scientific, the distribution of forest resources is unbalanced, the young, the middle forest is the majority, the problem of low age of forest is serious, the efficiency of forest protection is low, and the human activities under economic forest are frequent. It has great influence on soil and water conservation function of vegetation. As a result, the ecological environment in this area is becoming more and more fragile, and soil erosion and other problems have attracted more and more attention. Combined with the three new forestry engineering projects in Jiangsu Province, five kinds of artificial forests in Xuyi Yueliang Mountain were studied. On the basis of many field investigations and laboratory data analysis, the AHP analytic hierarchy process was used to approach the ideal point method. A multi-level index evaluation system was constructed, and the soil and water conservation functions of the plantation in Xuyi Yueliangshan area were analyzed from the two aspects of litter layer and soil layer, and the soil and water conservation functions of several artificial forests were evaluated and analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the litter volume under the five forest stands is 5.12 ~ 15.31 t / hm ~ (2), the maximum water holding rate varies from 164.09 to 250.76, the maximum water holding capacity varies in the range of 8.40 ~ 41.18 t / hm ~ (2), and the effective storage capacity is 3.55 ~ 28.12 t / hm ~ (2). The dynamic changes of water retention of litter in five artificial forests were observed. It was found that the changes of water holding capacity and water absorption rate with time were similar, the water holding capacity and the duration of soaking were increased in direct proportion, and after 24 hours of immersion in water, the change of water holding capacity and water absorption rate were similar. The water holding capacity of litter reached the maximum, and the absorbency of litter in 5 forest lands was stronger in the first two hours of soaking. The maximum soil water holding capacity and non-capillary water holding capacity of poplar forest land are both maximum, reaching 305.24t/hm2 and 305.24 t / hm ~ (2), and the permeability of poplar forest land is also the best. The influence of artificial forest on soil erodibility was studied by measuring and analyzing the content of organic matter. There was a significant difference in the ability of resistance to erosion of 5 kinds of plantations, among which the soil under poplar forest had the strongest ability to resist erosion. Soil corrosion resistance and 0.5mm water-stable aggregate content (0.25mm), fractal dimension of water-stable aggregate, dispersion rate of aggregate, stability index of aggregate, etc. On the basis of stratified study on the hydrological and soil conservation functions of five artificial forests in Xuyi Yueliang Mountain, the soil and water conservation capacity of the five plantations was evaluated quantitatively by means of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and TOPSIS analysis. The results were as follows: poplar forest, Peach tree forest, Myrica rubra forest, Mexico Berlin.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714.7

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