基于遥感数据的农作物经济适宜性评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 20:13

本文选题：遥感数据 + 聚类分析　；参考：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作物种植受多种因素影响,包括种植情况,区域情况,社会因素影响等等,如何能够快速精准的评价作物种植的适宜性是农业领域的一个新的研究热点。如何获取农田作物信息,遥感技术是一种重要的方法手段,通过使用遥感技术可以快速、清晰地了解农作物的种植和生长状况,并且能够及时的获取土壤状态和农作物生长状态在时间以及空间上所存在的差异性。而且随着遥感技术及信息处理能力的增强,通过遥感技术能够获取的田间信息更多,更快,也更精准。操纵容易、成本较低、可靠安全是遥感技术的优点。本文究的目的是以河南省永城市为研究对象,依托遥感数据对作物种植进行经济性评价,并对该区域的作物种植提出了参考性建议,这在永城市的作物种植经济适宜性评价中尚属首例。主要结论如下:(1)根据永城市的作物收益及种植情况,并结合作物的生长需要,以及当地的咨询情况,最终我们选取自然因素包括地理气候,土壤条件,环境因素,社会因素包括基础设施,土壤污染等以及其它因素包括自然灾害,病虫害等作为作物经济适宜性的评价指标。(2)基于地面非成像高光谱数据、星载多光谱影像数据,综合运用高光谱遥感技术、信息提取技术、统计分析技术以及参数成图技术,系统分析不同作物生长环境、不同生育期、不同生长状况反射特征及其与环境因素、土壤条件、社会经济因素的相关性,通过聚类分析,层次分析,并结合近几年永城市的作物种植状况和经济收益,构建作物经济适宜性的评价模型。(3)永城市一直以来都是以种植小麦—玉米轮作方式为主要的种植方式,其面积总共占耕地的57.3%,其次是小麦—花生耕地总面积的23.4%,本研究通过遥感技术分别对小麦—玉米,小麦—花生,小麦—大豆这三种种植方式进行了种植经济性评价,结果认为小麦—大豆,小麦—花生的轮作种植方式收益要高于小麦—玉米轮作方式,可以根据人力资源情况适当推广。(4)通过对永城市网格化处理,选取了7个代表乡镇,对收集到的数据进行处理,确定各区域间单元素差异较大,也是影响收益的重要因素,因此选取改善土壤,增加土壤氮元素储量的作物种植是增加土地收益的一个重要因素。从卫星影像获取永城市的作物种植环境情况,对不同物体吸收峰不同的影像处理后发现,永城市的作物种植呈现块状,网格状,且密度大,较集中,非常适合大规模机械化作业,对以后作物种植规模化,机械化和集约化提供了参考依据。最终,基于遥感技术调查研究了永城市常规的三种种植模式的生产情况,叶绿素吸收峰能够直观的反馈作物的生长情况,通过对着三种种植方式的叶绿素的含量进行分析后验证了小麦—大豆作物经济适宜性更强,相比而言,收益更高。
[Abstract]:Crop planting is affected by many factors, including planting situation, regional situation, social factors and so on. How to evaluate the suitability of crop planting quickly and accurately is a new research hotspot in the field of agriculture. Remote sensing is an important method and means to obtain crop information in farmland. By using remote sensing technology, the cultivation and growth of crops can be quickly and clearly understood. And it can get the difference in time and space between soil state and crop growth state in time. With the enhancement of remote sensing technology and information processing ability, more field information can be obtained through remote sensing technology. Easy manipulation, low cost and reliable safety are the advantages of remote sensing technology. The purpose of this paper is to take Yongcheng City, Henan Province as the research object, to evaluate the economy of crop planting based on remote sensing data, and to put forward some reference suggestions for crop planting in this area. This is the first case of economic suitability evaluation of crop cultivation in Yongcheng City. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) according to the crop income and planting situation in Yongcheng City, combined with crop growth needs and local consultation, we finally selected natural factors including geographical climate, soil conditions, and environmental factors. Social factors include infrastructure, soil pollution, and other factors such as natural disasters, pests and diseases as indicators for evaluating crop economic suitability) based on ground-based non-imaging hyperspectral data and spaceborne multispectral image data. By using hyperspectral remote sensing technology, information extraction technology, statistical analysis technique and parameter mapping technique, the reflection characteristics of different crop growth environments, different growth stages, different growth conditions and environmental factors, soil conditions were systematically analyzed. The correlation of social and economic factors, through cluster analysis, hierarchical analysis, and combining with Yongcheng crop planting situation and economic benefits in recent years, To construct the evaluation model of crop economic suitability Yongcheng has always been planting wheat-maize rotation as the main planting method. The total area occupied 57.3% of the cultivated land, followed by 23.4% of the total wheat-peanut cultivated area. In this study, the economic efficiency of the three planting methods of wheat-corn, wheat-peanut and wheat-soybean were evaluated by remote sensing technology, respectively. The results showed that the income of wheat-soybean, wheat-peanut rotation was higher than that of wheat-maize rotation. By processing the collected data, it is determined that the difference of single element among regions is great, which is also an important factor affecting the income. Therefore, the selection of crop planting to improve soil and increase soil nitrogen storage is an important factor to increase land income. The crop planting environment in Yongcheng city was obtained from satellite images. After processing different images with different absorption peaks, it was found that crop planting in Yongcheng city was massive, grid, dense and concentrated. It is very suitable for large-scale mechanization, and provides reference for crop planting scale, mechanization and intensification. Finally, based on the investigation of remote sensing technology, the production of three conventional planting patterns in Yongcheng City was investigated. The chlorophyll absorption peak can directly feedback the growth of crops. Through the analysis of chlorophyll content of three planting methods, it was proved that the economic suitability of wheat-soybean crops was stronger, and the yield was higher.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S127

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