黄土丘三区典型流域水土保持措施结构效应及土地利用评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 05:25

本文选题：土地利用结构 + 结构效应　；参考：《甘肃农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业投入产出结构(土地、资金、劳力)及产业结构是影响区域经济增长的关键因素。本研究选择黄河水土保持工程藉河水土保持示范区的典型流域柳沟流域和花牛镇为研究对象,采用农村经济结构效应分析法、静偏离份额分析法及动偏离份额分析法,对治理期(2002~2011年)典型流域水土保持措施结构效应及三种结构效应方法的优越性和局限性进行了分析;采用土地利用线性规划优化方案与治理后的土地利用情况做对比分析,取得以下主要结论:1、土地利用结构变化情况。(1)柳沟流域治理后土地利用面积呈现出农地和荒地面积逐年减少,林地逐年增加趋势,经果林产业以葡萄类为主、增幅较快,其它经果林增长稳定,林草覆盖率达到47.15%,发展模式为阳坡种植+自然降雨;(2)花牛镇治理后土地利用面积呈现出农地和其它用地面积逐年减少,经果林、水保林、草地、水面面积逐年增加趋势,经果林产业以苹果类为主、增幅较快,其它经果林增长稳定,林草覆盖率达到51.41%,发展模式为阴坡种植+人工灌溉。2、土地利用结构效应。(1)柳沟流域治理前后总产值增长率达103.63%,总产值总增量中相对结构效应占42.86%,技术效应为57.14%,流域内经济增长方式由投资推动走向技术拉动。柳沟流域总增长率及增量的贡献均高于麦积区平均水平,增量主要来源于经果林的增长,生产水平较高;同时反映出种植业与畜牧业的生产水平较低,具有较大的提升空间。(2)花牛镇治理前后总产值增长率达162.58%。总产值总增量中相对结构效应占25.76%,技术效应为74.24%,经济增长主要靠技术拉动,结构调整的空间较大。花牛镇对麦积区总增长率及增量的贡献低于麦积区平均水平,主要原因是种植业影响了花牛镇的整体发展水平,但经果林的竞争力高于麦积区平均水平,有较大的提升空间。3、土地利用合理性评价。根据线性规划方法产生的两种优化方案,对柳沟流域土地利用情况合理性进行了分析评价,结果表明治理后水土保持措施面积介于以经济效益为主(方案a)和生态效益为主(方案b)措施面积之间,属于社会经济环境效益综合发展型。4、结构效应分析法比较。农村经济结构效应法着重于投入产出贡献份额的分析,静态偏离法只考虑基期和末期的对比,而动态偏离份额法着重于分析每个时间分段各区域、各产业部门对区域经济发展的影响,同时静态与动态偏离份额法不适用于面积较小的区域;三种分析方法相结合,可有效提高流域(区域)结构合理性评价的完整性、科学性,为流域(区域)可持续发展提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Agricultural input-output structure (land, capital, labor) and industrial structure are the key factors affecting regional economic growth. In this study, the typical watershed of Liugou Basin and Huaniu Town of the Yellow River soil and Water Conservation Project were selected as the research objects, and the methods of structure effect of rural economy, static deviation share analysis and dynamic deviation share analysis were adopted. The structural effects of soil and water conservation measures and the advantages and limitations of three methods for soil and water conservation measures in typical watershed were analyzed in this paper, and a comparative analysis was made between the optimization scheme of land use linear programming and the land use after treatment. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, the change of land use structure.) after the management of Liugou watershed, the area of farmland and wasteland decreased year by year, the forest land increased year by year, and the fruit forest industry was mainly grape, the increase was faster. The growth of other fruit forests is stable, the coverage rate of forest and grass reaches 47.15, and the development pattern is to plant natural rainfall on sunny slope. The land use area of Huaniu Town has been decreasing year by year after the management of Huaniu Town, and decreased year by year through fruit forest, water conservation forest and grassland. The water surface area increases year by year, the fruit forest industry is dominated by apples, the increase is relatively fast, and the growth of other fruit forests is stable. Forest and grass coverage rate reached 51.41, the development pattern was shady slope planted artificial irrigation. 2, land use structure effect. 1) the total output value growth rate of Liugou watershed before and after treatment reached 103.63. The relative structure effect accounted for 42.86 percent of the total output value increment, the technical effect was 57.14 percent, and the flow effect. The mode of economic growth in the region is driven by investment towards technology. The contribution of the total growth rate and increment of Liugou watershed is higher than the average level of wheat accumulation area, and the increment mainly comes from the increase of fruit forest and the higher production level, which reflects the low production level of planting and animal husbandry. The gross output value of Huaniu Town was 162.58 before and after management. The relative structure effect accounts for 25.76% and the technical effect is 74.24% in the total increment of gross output value. The economic growth mainly depends on technology and the space for structural adjustment is large. The contribution of Huaniu Town to the total growth rate and increment of wheat accumulation area is lower than the average level of wheat accumulation area. The main reason is that the planting industry has affected the overall development level of Huaniu Town, but the competitiveness of fruit forest is higher than the average level of wheat accumulation area. There is a large promotion space. 3, land use rationality evaluation. According to two optimization schemes produced by linear programming method, the rationality of land use in Liugou watershed was analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the area of soil and water conservation measures was between economic benefit (scheme a) and ecological benefit (plan b), which belonged to the comprehensive development type of social economic and environmental benefit. The structural effect analysis method was compared. The structural effect method of rural economy focuses on the analysis of the share of the input-output contribution, the static deviation method only considers the comparison between the base period and the end stage, while the dynamic deviation share method focuses on the analysis of each region in each time segment. At the same time, the static and dynamic deviation share method is not suitable for the small area, the combination of the three analysis methods can effectively improve the integrity and scientific nature of the rational evaluation of watershed (regional) structure. It provides theoretical basis for sustainable development of watershed (region).
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157;F301.2

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