立式香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机关键部件优化设计与试验

发布时间：2018-05-29 11:10

本文选题：优化设计 + 香蕉秸秆　；参考：《海南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国是世界最大的香蕉生产国之一,而海南又是中国主要的香蕉种植地。随着人们对香蕉需求量的日益增加,海南蕉园面积逐渐扩大,随之带来的香蕉秸秆处理问题变得越来越突出。目前,海南当地香蕉收获后,大量的废弃香蕉秸秆要么堆积在蕉园,要么被蕉农放火焚烧,如此常年累月,不仅造成了蕉园病虫害的多发,而且大量有机物质被白白浪费。由于香蕉秸秆粗大,含水率高,且富含纤维素、半纤维素以及木质素,且国内香蕉秸秆机械法粉碎还田研究起步晚,致使适用于香蕉秸秆粉碎还田的现有设备很缺,而且普遍存在作业效率低、秸秆纤维缠绕严重、粉碎不彻底等问题。针对上述问题,本文以香蕉秸秆为研究对象,通过研究香蕉秸秆的抗拉强度、剪切应力等基本力学性能,分析香蕉秸秆切碎还田机理,结合海南香蕉集体化种植程度低,种植面积分散的区域特点,在海南大学李粤、吴学尚等人研制的立式L型甩刀香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机的基础上进行优化改进,对关键部件进行了结构参数与运动参数的分析,利用单因素试验与正交试验确定了关键部件动力学参数之间的最优组合。主要内容如下： (1)调查研究香蕉秸秆结构特点、理化特性、香蕉秸秆粉碎方法研究现状以及香蕉秸秆粉碎利用现状。 (2)通过试验研究香蕉秸秆含水率、力学特性以及与金属材料的摩擦特性。 (3)基于现有的立式香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机,初步提出增设喂入装置、优化改进粉碎部件作业方式及甩刀形状、优化改进支撑行走装置的基本方案。其中,对喂入装置进行了铲断锯齿式喂入与螺旋滚割式喂入2种方案的设计；对甩刀部件进行了立轴E型甩定刀配合与卧轴锤爪式甩刀2种方案的设计。经试验分析,初步确定优化后的喂入式立轴甩刀香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机方案,并设计其主要机构与技术参数和较合理的传动系统,详细阐述其工作原理。 (4)对增设的喂入装置、优化改进后的粉碎装置以及类履带轮支撑行走装置进行结构参数与运动参数的设计,通过分析确定其可行范围。 (5)制定以香蕉秸秆粉碎质量合格率、机器工作效率为试验指标,以样机喂入速度、甩刀旋转速度及定刀安装位置为影响指标因素。利用SPSS19.0统计分析软件,通过单因素试验分析出各个因素对试验指标的影响规律、变化原因,进一步确定适合于试验指标的水平范围。应用三水平三因素的正交试验得出最优组合,以及各因素对试验指标的显著性。 (6)制定试验方法,以香蕉秸秆粉碎率、工作效率为试验指标,锯齿辊转速、E型甩刀旋转速度、定刀安装位置角度为影响因素,通过单因素试验,分析了因素对试验指标的影响原因,以及确定适用于试验指标的因素水平为：锯齿辊转速介于80～95r/min之间、E型甩刀旋转速度介于1100～1250r/min之间、定刀安装位置角度介于40°～50°之间。以此为基础,利用正交试验,通过极差和方差分析,综合考虑机器功率消耗,确定关键部件参数最优组合是锯齿辊喂入转速为90r/min,粉碎甩刀旋转速度为1100r/min,定刀安装位置角度为44°。
[Abstract]:Hainan is one of the largest banana producers in the world , and Hainan is the main banana plantation in China . With the increasing demand for bananas , the problem of banana straw treatment has become more and more prominent .

The paper takes banana straw as the research object by studying the basic mechanical properties of banana straw , such as tensile strength , shear stress and so on .

( 1 ) To investigate the characteristics , physical and chemical properties of banana straw , the research status of banana straw crushing method and the present situation of banana straw crushing utilization .

( 2 ) The water content , mechanical properties and friction characteristics of banana straw were studied by experiments .

( 3 ) Based on the existing vertical banana stalk crushing and returning machine , an additional feeding device is preliminarily proposed , the operation mode of the crushing part and the shape of the throwing knife are optimized , and the basic scheme of the improved support walking device is optimized .
Based on the analysis of the test , the optimized feeding type vertical shaft throwing knife banana straw smashing and returning machine scheme is preliminarily determined , and the main mechanism and technical parameters and reasonable transmission system are designed , and the working principle is explained in detail .

( 4 ) the design of the structural parameters and the motion parameters of the additional feeding device , the optimized grinding device and the crawler wheel supporting walking device are optimized , and the feasible range is determined by analysis .

( 5 ) By using SPSS 10.0 statistical analysis software , the influence law of each factor on the test indexes and the cause of change were analyzed by means of single factor test , and the optimal combination was obtained by using the orthogonal test of three factors , and the significance of each factor on the test indexes was determined .

( 6 ) The test method is formulated to determine the crushing rate of banana straw , the working efficiency is the test index , the rotation speed of the saw tooth roller , the rotation speed of the E - type throwing knife and the angle of the setting position of the fixed knife as the influencing factors . By means of the single factor test , the factors influencing the test indexes are analyzed . Based on the orthogonal test , the optimal combination of the parameters of the key parts is determined as the feeding speed of the sawtooth roller is 90 r / min , the rotation speed of the grinding throwing knife is 1100 r / min , and the setting position angle of the fixed knife is 44 degrees .
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S224.29

【相似文献】