恩施州耕地土壤pH近30年变化特征

发布时间：2018-05-30 12:53

本文选题：土壤酸化 + 水田　；参考：《应用生态学报》2017年04期

【摘要】：以第二次土壤普查(1980—1983年)和耕地质量评价(2010—2013年)两个不同时期恩施州土壤pH数据为基础,对恩施州耕地土壤pH近30年时空变化进行了研究,明确了恩施州耕地土壤pH值变化特征,并初步探讨了导致土壤pH变化的自然因素和人为因素,以期为制定土壤酸化控制对策提供理论指导.结果表明:2010—2013年,恩施州pH6.5的酸性土壤占耕地面积的98.4%,6.5~8.5中性偏碱性土壤仅占耕地面积的1.6%;与1980—1983年相比,酸性土壤(pH6.5)面积比例提高了61.4%,中性偏碱性土壤(pH在6.5~8.5)面积比例减少了61.2%,pH8.5的强碱性耕地土壤在全州已基本消失.1980—1983年,pH6.5的耕地土壤主要分布在来凤县、利川市、宣恩县和咸丰县,面积比例分别为74.4%、63.5%、61.3%和60.7%,至2010—2013年,恩施州酸性土壤分布更加广泛,各县市酸性土壤(pH6.5)面积比例均达到96%以上.近30年来,恩施州土壤呈酸化趋势,土壤pH空间分布呈现东高西低格局.不同区域、不同耕地利用类型土壤pH值均发生不同程度的下降.耕地土壤pH整体下降了0.90,其中,旱地土壤pH下降了1.14,水田土壤pH下降了0.87,旱地土壤酸化程度大于水田.恩施州土壤酸化主要受肥料结构、配比变化及高产作物收获带走大量盐基养分等人为因素影响.
[Abstract]:Based on the soil pH data of Enshi Prefecture in two different periods, the second soil Survey (1980-1983) and the Evaluation of cultivated Land quality (2010-2013), the temporal and spatial changes of soil pH in Enshi Prefecture during the past 30 years were studied. The characteristics of soil pH change in Enshi prefecture were clarified, and the natural and artificial factors leading to soil pH change were discussed in order to provide theoretical guidance for the formulation of soil acidification control countermeasures. The results showed that the acidic soil of pH6.5 in Enshi prefecture accounted for 98.4% of the cultivated land area from 2010 to 2013, and only 1.6% of the cultivated land area from 1980 to 1983. Acid soil pH 6.5) area ratio increased 61.4%, neutral alkaline soil pH 6.5% decreased 61.2% soil pH 8.5 soil has basically disappeared in the whole state. 1980-1983 the pH 6.5 cultivated land soil mainly distributed in Laifeng County, Lichuan City. The area ratios of Xuanen County and Xianfeng County were 74.4% 63.5% and 60.7%, respectively. From 2010 to 2013, the acid soil in Enshi Prefecture was more widely distributed, and the proportion of pH 6.5 (pH 6.5) reached more than 96%. In recent 30 years, the soil in Enshi showed an acidification trend, and the spatial distribution of soil pH showed a low pattern of high and low in the east and west. Soil pH value decreased in different regions and different cultivated land use types. The soil pH of cultivated land decreased by 0.90, among which, the pH of dryland soil decreased by 1.14, and the soil pH of paddy field decreased by 0.87. The acidification degree of dryland soil was higher than that of paddy field. Soil acidification in Enshi prefecture was mainly affected by the fertilizer structure, the change of proportion and the taking away of a large amount of basic nutrients from high yield crops.
【作者单位】：华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室;湖北省恩施州土壤肥料工作站;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B03) 国家测土配方施肥补贴资金项目(财农[2009]211号) 恩施州科技计划项目(XYJ2014000039)资助~~
【分类号】：S153

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