基于GIS的仪陇县水土保持规划研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 01:13

本文选题：GIS技术 + 仪陇县　；参考：《成都理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水土保持规划是指为了防止水土流失而制定的水土保持综合治理开发的总体部署和实施安排的工作计划。目前,随着我国经济社会的发展,水土流失问题逐渐凸显出来,直接危害到我国自然环境与经济发展。四川省位于长江流域上游,地势高低不均并以山地为主,降雨量多且强度大,是我国水土流失最为严重的省区之一。四川省的水土流失保持工作密切关系到长江中下游地区生态环境与社会经济发展。论文选取地处“盆北高丘、中丘保土人居环境维护区”同时也是嘉陵江中下游国家级水土流失重点治理区的仪陇县为研究区域,根据四川省最新水土保持工作大纲,对该地的水土流失现状进行评价并提出水土保持规划,以期为仪陇县的水土保持工作提供依据。本文以仪陇县2015年遥感影像为数据源,选取降水、土壤可蚀性、地形、植被覆盖度和管理措施五大因子,结合仪陇县基础资料,运用GIS工具与ENVI软件分析提取因子信息;采用USLE模型计算得出研究区侵蚀模数,结合国家土壤侵蚀强度分级标准,得到研究区不同土壤侵蚀强度等级的分布和面积;根据研究区水土流失现状,划分生态建设区、水土流失预防区和治理区;通过典型小流域治理示例,提出研究区水土保持预防与治理措施。通过上述研究,论文取得的主要研究成果有:(1)仪陇县水土流失现象普遍存在且以水蚀为主,流失面积为865.85km2,占全县土地面积的48.35%。侵蚀强度等级以中度为主,其中轻度侵蚀为205.67km2,占流失面积的23.75%;中度为348.22 km2,占流失面积的40.22%;强度侵蚀为180.75 km2,占流失面积的20.87%;极强侵蚀为83.45 km2,占流失面积的9.64%;剧烈侵蚀为47.76 km2,占流失面积的5.52%。(2)侵蚀强度较大的区域主要分布在县域中部和东部低山丘陵区。其中,最为严重的乡镇为永乐镇、板桥乡、秋垭乡、大寅镇,侵蚀强度在剧烈以上的侵蚀面积比例超过50%。(3)根据仪陇县水土侵蚀现状,结合该地区的社会经济发展情况和自然环境特点等,将仪陇县划分为三个生态建设区;县域西部、西南部及东北部为水土流失防治区,县域中部和东部为水土保持治理区。
[Abstract]:Soil and water conservation planning refers to the overall arrangement and implementation plan of soil and water conservation comprehensive management and development in order to prevent soil and water loss. At present, with the development of our country's economy and society, the problem of soil and water loss is gradually prominent, which directly endangers the natural environment and the economic development of our country. Sichuan Province is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. It is one of the most serious soil and water loss provinces in China. The conservation of soil and water loss in Sichuan Province is closely related to the ecological environment and social and economic development in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This paper selects Yilong County, which is located in the high hill in the north of the basin and in the middle and lower reaches of Jialing River, as the research area, according to the latest work outline of soil and water conservation in Sichuan Province, which is also the key control area of national soil and water loss in the middle and lower reaches of Jialing River. The present situation of soil and water loss in Yilong County was evaluated and the soil and water conservation planning was put forward in order to provide the basis for soil and water conservation in Yilong County. Taking the remote sensing image of Yilong County in 2015 as the data source, this paper selects five factors of precipitation, soil erodibility, topography, vegetation coverage and management measures, and combines the basic data of Yilong County with GIS tools and ENVI software to analyze and extract factor information. The USLE model was used to calculate the erosion modulus of the study area, and the distribution and area of different soil erosion intensity grades were obtained according to the national soil erosion intensity classification standard, and the ecological construction area was divided according to the present situation of soil and water loss in the study area. The prevention and control measures of soil and water conservation in the study area are put forward through the examples of typical small watershed management. Through the above research, the main research results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) Water erosion is the most common phenomenon in Yilong County, with a loss area of 865.85 km ~ 2, accounting for 48.35% of the total land area of the county. The grade of erosion intensity is mainly moderate. Mild erosion was 205.67km2, accounting for 23.75km2 of the lost area; moderate erosion was 348.22 km2, accounting for 40.22g of the lost area; intensity erosion was 180.75 km2, accounting for 20.87km of the lost area; extremely strong erosion was 83.45km2, accounting for 9.64% of the lost area; and severe erosion was 47.76km2, accounting for 5.52.2% of the lost area.) The areas with high erosion intensity are mainly distributed in the central and eastern hilly areas of the county. Among them, the most serious villages and towns are Yongle Town, Banqiao Township, Qiuyao Township, Dayin Town, where the erosion intensity is over 50. 3% of the erosion area.) according to the present situation of water and soil erosion in Yilong County, According to the social and economic development and natural environment characteristics of this area, Yilong County is divided into three ecological construction areas: the west, the southwest and the northeast of the county are the soil and water loss control areas, and the central and eastern parts of the county are the soil and water conservation control areas.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S157

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