人为干扰对黄帝陵古柏土壤理化性质影响的研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 15:35

本文选题：黄帝陵 + 古侧柏　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：黄帝陵古柏群是黄帝陵的重要象征,是古代人民祭拜黄帝和华夏文明的重要历史见证,是我国珍贵的历史文化遗产,具有极高的历史文化和科学价值。但是,近些年来黄帝陵柏树林的生长已显衰退趋势,有的树木明显衰弱,甚至死亡,如原来称为“龙角”的一株古柏已于几年前死去。随着旅游业的发展,人为因素对侧柏生长环境的影响越来越严重,造成了许多地方土地板结,侧柏生长不良。加之人为清除侧柏生长环境下的枯枝落叶,改变了侧柏的自然生长环境,也影响了侧柏的生理功能与生长。因此,研究人为干扰对古侧柏土壤理化性质的影响对古柏的保护与复壮具有一定意义。本研究以不同铺装地古侧柏和不同年龄古侧柏为对象,采用样地调查法,对黄帝陵不同铺装地古侧柏和不同年龄古侧柏的土壤理化性质进行了调查与分析,运用方差分析、回归分析等方法,对不同铺装样地土壤理化性质和不同年龄古侧柏样地土壤养分状况进行综合评价,并定量分析其变化特征,为黄帝陵古侧柏保护与复壮提供重要的理论基础和实践指导。研究得出结论如下:1.对古侧柏不同铺装样地研究表明:与未干扰地相比,草坪地、透气性砖地和硬质地板土壤含水量在0-80cm土层总体分别增长0.96%、3.08%、4.25%,裸露地土壤含水量在0-80cm土层总体降低18.54%。草坪地、透气性砖地、硬质地板和裸露地土壤容重在0-80cm总体分别增长10.7%、26.2%、30.3%、38.5%。土壤孔隙度由未干扰地、裸露地、草坪地、透气性砖和硬质地板依次增大。草坪地、硬质地板和裸露地土壤有机质在0-80cm土层总体分别降低14.34%、18.03%、6.61%,透气性砖地土壤有机质在0-80cm土层总体增长3.43%。草坪地、硬质地板和裸露地土壤全氮在0-80cm总体分别降低23.23%、1.01%、17.17%,透气性砖地土壤全氮在0-80cm总体增长1.01%。草坪地、透气性砖地、硬质地板和裸露地土壤速效氮在0-80cm总体分别增长4.77%、101.91%、84.74%、65.98%。草坪地、透气性砖地和裸露地土壤全磷在0-80cm总体分别降低34.38%、3.13%、31.25%,硬质地板土壤全磷在0-80cm总体增长18.75%。草坪地土壤速效磷在0-80cm总体降低9.82%,透气性砖地、硬质地板和裸露地土壤速效磷在0-80cm总体分别增长55.44%、33.33%、42.11%。草坪地、透气性砖地、硬质地板和裸露地土壤全钾在0-80cm总体分别降低12.79%、10.08%、0.11%、16.51%。草坪地、透气性砖地、硬质地板和裸露地土壤速效钾在0-80cm总体分别增长63.26%、159.52%、48.43%、71.42%。草坪地土壤pH在0-80cm总体增长0.49%,透气性砖地、硬质地板和裸露地土壤pH在0-80cm总体分别降低0.97%、0.61%、0.85%。草坪地、透气性砖地、硬质地板和裸露地土壤电导率在0-80cm总体分别增长1.86%、22.02%、22.02%、49.07%。通过方差分析和回归性分析表明,不同林地之间土壤有机质、全氮、电导率差异性显著(P0.05),且与土层厚度有明显相关性,并且随土层深度增加呈现规律性变化。2.对不同年龄古侧柏样地研究发现:与未种植侧柏样地相比,100a和3000a土壤含水量在0-80cm土层总体分别降低12.29%、2.78%,1000a和5000a土壤含水量在0-80cm土层总体分别增长8.55%、1.98%。100a、1000a、3000a和5000a土壤有机质在0-80cm土层总体分别增长189.88%、143.66%、35.08%、36.88%。100a、1000a、3000a和5000a土壤全氮在0-80cm土层总体分别增长139.58%、112.50%、27.08%、22.92%.100a和1000a土壤速效氮在0-80cm总体分别增长46.38%、106.23%,3000a和5000a土壤速效氮在0-80cm总体分别降低2.62%、3.62%。100a土壤全磷在0-80cm总体降低15.79%,1000a、3000a和5000a土壤全磷在0-80cm总体分别增长63.16%、136.84%、168.42%。100a、1000a、3000a和5000a土壤速效磷在0-80cm总体分别降低64.20%、42.72%、32.47%、17.28%。100a、1000a和3000a土壤全钾在0-80cm总体分别降低5.81%、5.96%、14.37%,5000a土壤全钾在0-80cm总体增长7.18%。100a、1000a、3000a和5000a土壤速效钾在0-80cm总体分别增长19.71%、33.41%、30.12%、64.38%。100a土壤pH在0-80cm总体降低0.98%,1000a、3000a和5000a土壤pH在0-80cm总体分别降低1.23%、0%、1.35%。100a、1000a、3000a和5000a土壤电导率在0-80cm总体分别增长21.08%、24.74%、48.90%、30.45%。通过方差分析和回归性分析表明,不同林地之间土壤有机质、全氮差异性显著(P0.05),且与土层厚度有明显相关性,并且随土层深度增加呈现规律性变化。
[Abstract]:The ancient cypress group in Huang Di mausoleum is an important symbol of the Huang Di mausoleum. It is an important historical witness of the ancient people's worship of Huang Di and the Chinese civilization. It is a precious historical and cultural heritage of our country. It has high historical culture and scientific value. However, in recent years, the growth of the forest of Huang Di mausoleum has declined and declined, and some trees are obviously weak and even died, such as the original. With the development of tourism, the influence of human factors on the growth environment of Platycladus orientalis is becoming more and more serious, resulting in a lot of land consolidation and the bad growth of the Platycladus orientalis, and the artificial removal of the dead branches and deciduous leaves in the environment of the growth of the Platycladus orientalis, which has changed the natural environment of the Platycladus orientalis and also affected the environment. The effects of human interference on the physical and chemical properties of Platycladus orientalis soil have a certain significance to the protection and rejuvenation of cypress. This study takes the different paved Platycladus Platycladus and the different ages of the ancient Platycladus orientalis as the object, and uses the sample plot method to study the soil of the ancient Platycladus orientalis and the ancient Platycladus orientalis in the Huangdi mausoleum. The physical and chemical properties of the soil were investigated and analyzed. By means of variance analysis and regression analysis, the soil physical and chemical properties of different paving plots and the soil nutrient status of different ages of Platycladus orientalis like land were synthetically evaluated, and the characteristics of the change were analyzed quantitatively, which provided an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the protection and rejuvenation of the ancient side of the Huangdi mausoleum. The conclusions are as follows: 1. the study on different paving plots of Platycladus orientalis showed that the soil moisture content of the turf, air permeable and hard floors increased by 0.96%, 3.08%, 4.25% respectively in the 0-80cm soil layer compared to the undisturbed land, and the soil moisture content in the bare soil decreased in the 18.54%. lawn, the air permeability brick ground, the hard floor and the hard floor. The bulk density of bare soil increased by 10.7%, 26.2%, 30.3%, 30.3%, and 38.5%., respectively. The porosity of soil was increased from undisturbed, bare, turf, breathable and hard. The organic matter in the turf, hard floor and bare soil decreased by 14.34%, 18.03%, 6.61%, and the soil organic matter in the air permeable brick soil was 0, respectively, 0. The soil organic matter in the 0-80cm soil layer was 0. The overall growth of -80cm soil layer was 3.43%. lawn, the total nitrogen in the hard floor and bare soil decreased by 23.23%, 1.01%, 17.17% respectively. The total nitrogen in the air permeable brick soil increased overall in the 1.01%. lawn, the air permeable brick land, the hard floor and the exposed soil available nitrogen increased by 4.77%, 101.91%, 84.74%, 65.98%. grass, respectively. The total phosphorus in the soil and the exposed soil decreased by 34.38%, 3.13%, 31.25% respectively in the 0-80cm, and the total phosphorus in the hard floor soil was increased by 0-80cm, and the soil available phosphorus in the 18.75%. lawn was reduced by 9.82%, the permeability brick land, the hard floor and the exposed soil available phosphorus increased by 55.44%, 33.33%, 42.11%. respectively in 0-80cm, respectively. The total potassium of turf land, breathable brick land, hard floor and exposed soil decreased by 12.79%, 10.08%, 0.11%, 16.51%. lawn, air permeable brick land, hard floor and exposed soil available K increased by 63.26%, 159.52%, 48.43%, 71.42 respectively in the 0-80cm, and the turf soil pH in 0-80cm overall increased 0.49%, breathable brick land, The pH of hard floor and exposed soil decreased by 0.97%, 0.61%, 0.61%, 0.85%. lawn, air permeability brick, hard floor and exposed soil increased by 1.86%, 22.02%, 22.02% respectively. The difference of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and electrical conductivity between different woodlands was analyzed by variance analysis and regression analysis. Significant (P0.05), and a significant correlation with the thickness of soil layer, and a regular change of soil depth with the depth of soil layer..2. to different ages of Platycladus orientalis like land study found that the soil water content of 100A and 3000A decreased by 12.29%, 2.78%, 1000A and 5000A soil water content in 0-80cm soil layer as compared with the non planted Platycladus orientalis like land. The soil organic matter of 1.98%.100a, 1000A, 3000A and 5000A increased by 189.88%, 143.66%, 35.08%, 36.88%.100a, 1000A, 3000A and 5000A respectively increased by 139.58%, 112.50%, 27.08%, 27.08%, 22.92%.100a and 1000A soil increased 46.38%, 106.23%, respectively, respectively. The soil available nitrogen in 0-80cm and 5000A decreased by 2.62% respectively, and total phosphorus in 3.62%.100a decreased by 15.79% in total, and total phosphorus in 1000A, 3000A and 5000A increased by 63.16%, 136.84%, 168.42%.100a, 1000A, 3000A and 5000A soil respectively, 64.20%, 42.72%, 32.47%, respectively. Total K of soil decreased by 5.81%, 5.96%, 14.37%, and total potassium in 5000A soil increased by 7.18%.100a, 1000A, 3000A and 5000A in 0-80cm increased by 19.71%, 33.41%, 30.12%, and pH in 64.38%.100a, 0.98%, 1.23%, 0%, 1 respectively. The soil conductivity of.35%.100a, 1000A, 3000A and 5000A increased by 21.08%, 24.74%, 48.90%. 30.45%. through analysis of variance and regression analysis showed that the difference of soil organic matter and total nitrogen was significant (P0.05) between different woodlands (P0.05), and there was a significant correlation with the thickness of soil layer, and there was a regular change with the depth of soil layer.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714.2

【参考文献】