基于USLE模型的扎赉特旗土壤水力侵蚀动态变化分析

发布时间：2018-05-31 20:49

本文选题：土壤水力侵蚀 + 扎赉特旗　；参考：《内蒙古师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：土壤侵蚀已成为全球性环境问题之一。严重威胁着人类生存和社会经济发展,其影响主要表现在植被遭到破坏、土地资源退化和生产力下降等多个方面。扎赉特旗在降雨、地形、气温和土地资源的不合理应用等多种自然和人为因素的共同作用下,该地区土壤侵蚀日益严重。本文综合运用遥感、GIS技术和通用土壤侵蚀模型(USLE)获得扎赉特旗2000年、2007年和2014年三个不同时期土壤侵蚀量,用国家水利部颁布的《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》(SL190-2007)对三期侵蚀量图进行强度分级,然后利用ArcGIS10.0的空间分析模块进一步分析了研究区土壤侵蚀现状、分布特征、面积变化情况和土壤侵蚀与坡度、土地利用类型等影响因子之间的关系。研究结果表明：1.扎赉特旗土壤侵蚀总体上以微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀为主,其中微度侵蚀所占的面积比例最大,占研究区总侵蚀面积70%以上。2.研究区土壤侵蚀空间分布特征为：东部及沿河地区侵蚀强度较低,主要为微度侵蚀；中部丘陵区侵蚀强度高、侵蚀面积大；与中部丘陵区相比西部低山区侵蚀强度较低、分布面积少；其中2000年中部丘陵区侵蚀强度最高。2000—2014年研究区土壤侵蚀强度先减弱后增强,总体上有减弱趋势。3.侵蚀类型面积相互转移结果表明：2000—2014年期间,面积变化最多的是微度侵蚀,总转入面积为1937.1 km2,转出面积为436.14 km2,其他类型侵蚀均转入面积小于转出面积。总体上侵蚀从高强度往低强度转化。4.坡度与土壤侵蚀之间的关系表明：研究区各坡度带土壤侵蚀均以微度侵蚀为主,侵蚀强度随坡度的提高而增强。其中2000年8°-15°坡度区侵蚀强度较高,总体上坡度大于15°地区侵蚀强度高,应在后期水土治理工作中重点关注。5.土地利用类型与土壤侵蚀之间的关系表明：近15年内各土利用类型均以微度侵蚀为主。草地侵蚀最强、其次为林地,其它土地利用类型以侵蚀强度高到低排序为：耕地未利用地水域建设用地。其中2000年草地和林地侵蚀最强,这与当地降雨量和植被覆盖度有直接关系。针对以上研究区土壤侵蚀特征,建议当地应继续严格执行退耕还林还草政策,加大中部丘陵区绿化力度和防止未利用地的侵蚀退化。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion has become one of the global environmental problems. It is a serious threat to human survival and social and economic development, and its effects are mainly reflected in the destruction of vegetation, the degradation of land resources and the decline of productivity. Under the influence of many natural and human factors such as rainfall, topography, air temperature and land resources, soil erosion is becoming more and more serious in this area. In this paper, using remote sensing GIS technology and general soil erosion model (USL), the amount of soil erosion in 2000, 2007 and 2014 in Zhalaid Banner was obtained. The soil erosion classification and classification standard (SL190-2007) issued by the Ministry of Water Resources of China is used to classify the soil erosion intensity of the third period of erosion. Then, the present situation and distribution characteristics of soil erosion in the study area are further analyzed by using the spatial analysis module of ArcGIS10.0. The change of area and the relationship between soil erosion and slope, land use type and other influencing factors. The results of the study show that 1: 1. The soil erosion was mainly micro-erosion and mild erosion in general, and the proportion of micro-erosion was the largest, accounting for more than 70% of the total erosion area in the study area. The spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in the study area are as follows: the intensity of soil erosion is low in the east and along the river, the erosion intensity is high and the erosion area is large in the central hilly region, and the erosion intensity in the western low mountainous area is lower than that in the central hilly area. The intensity of soil erosion was the highest in the middle hilly region in 2000. The soil erosion intensity in the study area first weakened and then increased from 2000 to 2014, and there was a general trend of weakening. 3. The result of the mutual transfer of erosion type area shows that the area changed the most during the period of 2000 to 2014, the total transferred area is 1937.1 km ~ 2, the transfer area is 436.14 km ~ 2, and the other types of erosion are less than the transfer area. As a whole, erosion is transformed from high intensity to low intensity. The relationship between slope and soil erosion shows that the soil erosion is dominated by micro-erosion in each slope zone in the study area, and the erosion intensity increases with the increase of slope. The erosion intensity of 8 掳-15 掳slope region in 2000 was higher than that of 15 掳slope area in the whole year, so it should be paid more attention to in the later stage of soil and water control work. The relationship between land use types and soil erosion shows that the main types of soil use in recent 15 years are micro-erosion. Grassland erosion is the strongest, followed by woodland, and the other land use types with high to low erosion intensity are: cultivated land unused water construction land. The erosion of grassland and woodland was the strongest in 2000, which was directly related to local rainfall and vegetation coverage. In view of the characteristics of soil erosion in the study area above, it is suggested that the policy of returning farmland to forest and grassland should be strictly carried out, the greening of the hilly area in the central region should be increased and the erosion and degradation of unused land should be prevented.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S157

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