玉米秸秆立体还田机设计及关键部件的试验研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 00:08

本文选题：玉米秸秆 + 立体还田机　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：农作物秸秆作为粮食生产中主要的副产品,随着我国粮食产量的日益增长,每年的生产量也逐渐增加。目前我国对秸秆资源的利用率较低,被焚烧、废弃的秸秆数量较大,不仅造成资源浪费,还对我们赖以生存的生活环境产生了不良影响。采用秸秆还田的方法处理秸秆既能解决上述问题,又能提高土壤中有机质含量、改良土壤的物理性状、提高土壤肥力、改善土壤中微量元素比例失衡的状况。是保持农业生产稳产、高产,保证农业可持续发展的重要途径之一。玉米秸秆立体还田机一次作业需同时完成秸秆深施还田与土壤深松作业,并要求将秸秆深施于地表25cm以下的土壤之中。本文结合已有的成熟技术和农艺与农机方面的相关要求,完成了玉米秸秆立体还田机的设计,并对其关键部件深施铲进行了试验研究,确定了玉米秸秆立体还田机的主要参数。该玉米秸秆立体还田机,工作幅宽为2.1m(3垄),可与80~100hp的拖拉机匹配进行工作,还田机与拖拉机悬挂联接,整机牵引力和深施装置的动力由拖拉机提供。工作时,还田机伴随着拖拉机行走,深施铲在土壤深层形成鼠道;通过秸秆深施装置将秸秆输送至深施铲所形成的鼠道中。深施铲作为玉米秸秆立体还田机的主要工作部件,是玉米秸秆立体还田机的主要耗能部件,其结构对其工作时的牵引阻力有显著的影响,本文运用三面楔力学理论,对工作时,深施铲切割土壤产生的阻力1F、深施铲剪切破坏土壤及其与土壤的摩擦阻力2F、深施铲带动土壤破碎的阻力3F进行了分析,确定了合理的深施铲铲形。采用三因素三水平响应曲面法,就深施铲的工作参数:深施铲入土深度、土壤密度和深施铲铲宽,对深施铲行进阻力的影响进行了试验研究。通过回归模型的方差分析,得到各因素对深施铲行进阻力的影响程度依次为:深施铲入土深度深施铲铲宽土壤密度;深施铲行进阻力随深施铲入土深度、土壤密度和深施铲铲宽的增加而增大。运用EDEM软件对深施铲的工作过程进行仿真分析,并利用三因素五水平响应曲面法对深施铲铲形进行了仿真优化,研究深施铲铲宽、深施铲排土角和深施铲切土角对深施铲行进阻力的影响,通过回归模型的方差分析得到各因素对深施铲行进阻力的影响程度依次为:深施铲铲宽深施铲切土角深施铲排土角。确定了深施铲的最优铲形的参数,深施铲切土角为36~38?之间,深施铲排土角为42?,深施铲铲宽为51mm。进一步将不同试验条件下试验所得行进阻力与仿真所得行进阻力进行比较,结果表明,仿真数据的整体趋势与试验数据的整体趋势相同,误差为9.65%~18.70%,可以认为采用离散元法对深施铲的工作过程进行仿真分析所得到的试验结果具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:As the main by-product of grain production, crop straw is increasing with the increase of grain production in China, and the production volume is increasing every year. At present, the utilization rate of straw resources is low in our country, and the number of waste straw is large, which not only causes waste of resources, but also has adverse effects on the living environment of our country. Straw returning can not only solve the problem, but also improve the content of organic matter in the soil, improve the physical properties of the soil, improve the soil fertility and improve the imbalance of the proportion of trace elements in the soil. It is one of the important ways to maintain the stable yield and high yield of the agricultural production and ensure the sustainable development of the agricultural industry. At the same time, the straw returning machine should be carried out at the same time with the deep application of the straw to the soil and the soil deep loosening, and the straw is required to be applied in the soil below 25cm on the ground. The main parameters of the corn straw returning machine are determined. The corn straw stereo returning machine, the working width of 2.1m (3 ridge), can be matched with the 80~100hp tractor, the returning machine is connected with the tractor suspension, the traction force and the driving force of the whole machine are provided by the towing machine. Deep soil spade formed rat road in deep soil; the straw was transported to the rat path by deep straw application. The deep spade was the main working part of the corn straw returning machine. It was the main energy consuming component of the corn straw returning machine. The structure had a significant influence on the traction resistance of the corn straw returning machine. This paper used three The mechanical theory of surface wedge is used to analyze the resistance 1F produced by the deep cutting soil, the soil and its friction resistance 2F, and the resistance 3F to the soil breakage by deep spade cutting, and the reasonable deep shovel shape is determined. Three factors and three horizontal response surface method are used to study the working parameters of the deep spade. Soil depth, soil density and depth of deep shovel have been tested. Through the analysis of variance analysis of regression model, the influence degree of various factors on depth of penetration resistance in depth is the depth of soil density in deep shovel depth and depth of deep spade penetration, soil density and soil density. The EDEM software is used to simulate the working process of the deep spade, and the three factors and five level response surface method are used to simulate and optimize the deep spade shovel shape. The influence of deep spade spade width, deep spade shovel angle and deep soil angle on the penetration resistance of deep spade is studied, and the regression model is used. The variance analysis shows that the influence degree of various factors on the penetration resistance of deep spade shovel is as follows: deep spade shovel cutting soil angle in depth spade soil angle. The optimum shovel parameters of deep spade are determined, deep spade cutting soil angle is 36~38? Deep spade soil angle is 42? Deep spade spade width is 51mm. further under different test conditions. The results show that the overall trend of the simulation data is the same as the overall trend of the experimental data, and the error is 9.65%~18.70%. It can be considered that the discrete element method has a certain reference value to the experimental results obtained by the simulation analysis of the working process of the deep spade.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S224.29

【参考文献】