玉米不同种植模式对土壤酶活性及微生物量碳氮的影响

发布时间：2018-06-01 12:21

本文选题：高光效种植模式 + 土壤肥力　；参考：《中国科学院研究生院（东北地理与农业生态研究所）》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土壤微生物和土壤酶作为土壤生态系统的重要组分,能够影响土壤生态系统的结构和功能,表征土壤肥力状况。高光效种植模式能够通过提高光能利用率来提高作物产量,并具有增加土壤有机质、培肥地力等作用。但是,目前对于玉米高光效种植模式是如何通过影响土壤生态环境进而提高作物产量的内在机制还不清楚。因此,本研究以德惠市农业实验基地为实验区,采用大区对比,对两种种植模式(高光效种植模式和传统种植模式),三个时期(6月、8月和10月)、三个土壤层(0-10cm、10-25cm和25-40cm)进行了研究,解析了高光效种植模式下玉米不同生长发育时期、不同土层深度对土壤酶活性和微生物生物量的影响及其与土壤理化特性之间的相互关系,揭示玉米高光效种植模式提高农田土壤肥力的微生物学机制,为农田土壤培肥途径提供理论借鉴。得出以下结论:(1)高光效种植模式显著提高了土壤脲酶、土壤转化酶、土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,而对土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、土壤蛋白酶和土壤碱性磷酸酶活性影响不显著。虽影响土壤中性磷酸酶活性变化,但是影响结果受到土层深度和取样日期的不同影响不同。土壤酶活性都有明显的季节性波动。除土壤转化酶和土壤蛋白酶活性随土层深度的变化不显著外,土壤脲酶、土壤酸性磷酸酶、土壤中性磷酸酶、土壤碱性磷酸酶、土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶活性都具有明显的垂直分布特征。(2)高光效种植模式显著提高了土壤微生物量碳的含量,虽然也提高了微生物生物量氮的含量,但两种模式差异不显著。微生物生物量碳氮都具有明显的垂直分布特征。微生物生物量碳同时也具有明显的季节性波动,但取样日期对微生物生物量氮的影响不显著。(3)高光效种植模式下土壤有机质含量显著高于传统模式,土壤p H值显著低于传统模式,但高光效种植模式对土壤含水量、土壤总氮和总磷的影响均不显著。取样日期和土层深度都对土壤含水量、土壤p H、土壤总氮和总磷的影响显著,而土壤有机质垂直分布特征明显,季节性波动不明显。
[Abstract]:As an important component of soil ecosystem, soil microorganism and soil enzyme can affect the structure and function of soil ecosystem and characterize soil fertility. The pattern of high light efficiency can increase crop yield by increasing the utilization rate of light energy, and can increase soil organic matter and fertility. However, it is not clear that the internal mechanism of maize high light efficiency planting pattern can increase crop yield by affecting soil ecological environment. Therefore, using Dehui agricultural experiment base as experimental area, two planting patterns (high light efficiency planting model and traditional planting pattern, three periods (June, August and October), three soil layers (0-10 cm-1 10-25 cm and 25-40 cm) were studied by using regional comparison. The effects of different soil depth on soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass and their relationship with soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed. To reveal the microbiological mechanism of maize high light efficiency planting model to improve soil fertility, and to provide theoretical reference for the way of soil fertility cultivation. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) the activity of soil urease, soil invertase and soil acid phosphatase was significantly increased by the high light efficiency planting pattern, but the activities of 尾 -glucosidase, soil protease and alkaline phosphatase were not significantly affected. Although the change of soil neutral phosphatase activity was affected, the results were influenced by the depth of soil layer and the date of sampling. Soil enzyme activity has obvious seasonal fluctuation. Soil urease, soil acid phosphatase, soil neutral phosphatase, soil alkaline phosphatase, soil urease, soil acid phosphatase, soil alkaline phosphatase, soil invertase and soil protease activity did not change significantly with soil depth. Soil 尾 -glucosidase activity had obvious vertical distribution characteristics. (2) High light efficiency cultivation model significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon content, although also increased microbial biomass nitrogen content, but there was no significant difference between the two models. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen have obvious vertical distribution characteristics. Microbial biomass carbon also had seasonal fluctuation, but the effect of sampling date on microbial biomass nitrogen was not significant. 3) soil organic matter content in high light efficiency planting model was significantly higher than that in traditional model. The pH value of soil was significantly lower than that of the traditional model, but the effects of high light efficiency on soil water content, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were not significant. The sampling date and soil depth had significant effects on soil water content, soil pH, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, but the vertical distribution of soil organic matter was obvious, but the seasonal fluctuation was not obvious.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（东北地理与农业生态研究所）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S513;S154

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