生物炭对设施土壤养分及作物生长的影响初探

发布时间：2018-06-02 16:58

  本文选题：生物炭 + 设施土壤　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：设施栽培是指在人工控制条件下,充分利用光、温、水、土等资源的高效栽培方式。因为设施本身具有高温、高湿、半封闭的条件,所以土壤质量容易出现退化问题。目前己有大量研究表明,施用生物炭能够改善大田作物土壤理化性质,提高作物产量,而对设施土壤养分及作物生长的研究较少。因此,本研究采用随机区组设计,设置3个处理,每个处理3次重复。分别为对照(CK):不施生物炭;低炭量处理(T1):30t·hm-2;高炭量处理(T2):90t·hm-2。以期阐明生物炭对设施土壤养分含量的影响,初步探究施用生物炭后作物各器官对氮、淲、钾积累量和作物产量、品质的影响情况,为生物炭在农业生产中的应用提供新的思路。本研究主要得出以下结论:(1)第一个生长季后,与对照相比,施炭处理土壤全氮含量显著提高9.7%-28.5%,土壤全磷含量基本没有提高,土壤全钾含量提高0.7%-1.9%。第二个生长季后,与对照相比,施炭处理土壤全氮含量显著提高16.2%-31.6%,土壤全磷含量提高9.5%-14.3%,土壤全钾含量提高1.3%-4.7%。施用生物炭对土壤全氮含量影响最为显著,对土壤全磷含量影响次之,对土壤全钾含量最小。(2)施用生物炭能够提高土壤速效养分含量。即与对照相比,施炭处理土壤碱解氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量均有所提高,且随着施炭量增加,土壤速效养分含量也不断增加。此外,第一个生长季后,各处理间土壤速效养分含量差异均未达到显著差异,但在第二个生长季后,与对照相比,高炭量处理土壤有效磷含量、速效钾含量均显著提高。说明高施炭量对土壤养分具有持续、缓释效果。(3)樱桃番茄植株各部位全氮积累量表现为:在绿熟期,樱桃番茄各部位全氮积累量表现为叶茎果根.,在破色期,樱桃番茄各部位全氮积累量表现为叶果茎根;从转色期至红熟期,樱桃番茄各部位全氮积累量均表现为果叶茎根。樱桃番茄植株各部位全磷积累量表现为:在绿熟期,樱桃番茄各部位全磷积累量表现为叶茎果根;自破色期后,樱桃番茄各部位全磷积累量大体上可表现为果叶茎根。樱桃番茄植株各部位全钾积累量表现为..在绿熟期时,樱桃番茄各部位全钾积累量表现为叶果茎根;自破色期后,樱桃番茄各部位全钾积累量大体上可表现为果叶儢根。施用生物炭对樱桃番茄植株各器官中的全氮积累量、全磷积累量、全钾积累量均有不同程度的提高。对于果实来说,各处理全氮积累量大体上表现为低炭量处理对照＞高炭量处理;全磷积累量大体上表现为低炭量处理对照高炭量处理;全钾积累量大体上表现为低炭量处理对照高炭量处理。说明低炭量处理有利于樱桃番茄果实对氮元素和磷元素的积累,而高炭量处理有利于樱桃番茄果实对钾元素的积累。(4)与对照相比,施用生物炭能够显著提高樱桃番茄果实中维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量,且随着施炭量的增加,维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量也在不断增加。但对果实中可溶性蛋白含量、有机酸量和糖酸比影响均不显著。(5)施用生物炭能够显著提高樱桃番茄果实产量,且低炭量处理优于高炭量处理。值得注意的一点是,与对照相比,低炭量处理显著增加了樱桃番茄果实个数,而对单果质量影响不显著,从而使产量显著提高。此外,在第一个生长季,高炭量处理产量与对照间差异并不显著,但在第二个生长季,高炭处理产量高于对照20.1%,且差异达到显著水平。
[Abstract]:Facility cultivation refers to the efficient cultivation methods of light, temperature, water and soil under artificial control. Because the facility itself has high temperature, high humidity and semi closed condition, the soil quality is easily degraded. At present, a large number of studies have shown that the application of biological carbon can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil in the field crops and improve the work. In this study, 3 treatments were set up in this study, and 3 treatments were set up in this study, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The control (CK): no biological carbon; low carbon amount treatment (T1): 30t. Hm-2; high carbon content treatment (T2): 90t hm-2. to clarify the effect of biological carbon on the nutrient content of the soil. In this study, the following conclusions were obtained: (1) after the first growing season, the total nitrogen content in soil treated with carbon treatment was significantly increased by 9.7%-28.5%, and the soil total nitrogen content was significantly increased after the first growing season. The total P content was not improved, and the total K content of soil increased by 0.7%-1.9%. second growing seasons. Compared with the control, the total nitrogen content in soil was significantly increased by 16.2%-31.6%, the total phosphorus content in soil increased by 9.5%-14.3%, and the total K content in soil increased by 1.3%-4.7%., and the total N content of soil was the most significant. The total potassium content was the smallest in the soil. (2) the application of biological carbon could increase the content of soil available nutrients. That is, compared with the control, the content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, the available phosphorus content and the available potassium content were improved, and the content of available soil increased with the increase of carbon application. In addition, the first growing season, the various places. There was no significant difference in soil available nutrient content, but after second growing seasons, compared with the control, the content of available P in soil and the content of available K increased significantly. (3) the total nitrogen accumulation in different parts of cherry tomato plants was shown in green ripening period. The total nitrogen accumulation in each part of cherry tomato is the root of leaf and stem. In the period of color breaking, the total nitrogen accumulation in each part of cherry tomato is expressed as leaf and fruit stem root. The total nitrogen accumulation in all parts of cherry tomato is shown as leaf stem root from the turn to red ripe stage. The total phosphorus accumulation in the various parts of cherry tomato plants is shown in the green ripening period and cherry tomato in each part. The total P accumulation in the parts of the plant was the root of leaf and stem, and the total P accumulation in each part of cherry tomato could be generally expressed as the stem root after the coloring period. The accumulation of potassium in all parts of the cherry tomato plants showed that the total potassium accumulation in each part of cherry tomato was shown as the leaf and fruit stem root in the green ripening period. The amount of total nitrogen accumulation, total phosphorus accumulation and total potassium accumulation were improved in different degrees. The content of total K accumulation was generally shown as low carbon amount treatment compared with high carbon treatment. It indicated that low carbon amount treatment was beneficial to the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in cherry tomato fruit, while high carbon amount treatment was beneficial to the accumulation of potassium elements in cherry tomato fruit. (4) compared with the control, the application of bio carbon energy was compared with the control. The content of vitamin C and soluble sugar in cherry tomato fruit can be significantly increased, and with the increase of carbon content, vitamin C content and soluble sugar content are also increasing. But the content of soluble protein, organic acid content and sugar and acid ratio in fruit are not significant. (5) the yield of cherry tomato fruit can be significantly improved by applying biological carbon. Low carbon treatment was better than high carbon treatment. It is worth noting that, compared with the control, low carbon amount treatment significantly increased the number of cherry tomatoes, but had no significant effect on the quality of single fruit, thus significantly increasing the yield. In addition, in the first growing season, there was no significant difference between high carbon yield and control in the first growing season, but in second growth. The yield of high carbon treatment was higher than that of control 20.1%, and the difference reached a significant level.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S158.3
，

本文编号：1969504