水稻土深松阻力与土壤扰动效果研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 06:59

本文选题：水稻土 + 深松　；参考：《农业机械学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：为探讨机械深松过程的水稻土扰动、土壤结构及能量的效应,利用原位土壤耕作综合测试平台进行精准控制条件的深松试验,采用凿形铲,设置5种耕作深度(10、15、20、25、30 cm),从耕作阻力及比阻、土壤宏观扰动轮廓、土壤破碎体尺度分布指标综合评价水稻土深松作业的效果。结果表明,深松耕作阻力与耕作深度符合二阶函数拟合的递增关系。耕深20 cm时,深松铲对土壤扰动程度最大,地表隆起、开裂和纵向起伏程度最强,此时土壤隆起高度、隆起宽度、横剖面扰动面积、平均土块径均达到最大值,分别为16.3 cm、42.2 cm、0.030 5 m~2、28.77 cm,耕作比阻则相对较低,为62 kN/m~2;然而在耕深超过20 cm之后,深松铲的土壤扰动效果显著降低,地表隆起、开裂和纵向起伏程度减弱,土壤隆起高度、隆起宽度、横剖面扰动面积、平均土块径数值均明显减小,耕深30 cm时分别降至10.3 cm、31.2 cm、0.026 8 m~2、19.12 cm,相比耕深20 cm降幅分别为36.8%、26.1%、12.1%和33.54%,而此时耕作比阻急剧增大至195 kN/m~2,相比耕深20 cm增幅高达214.5%。因此,在水稻土条件下,耕作深度20 cm时能够获得最佳的土壤扰动、土壤结构及耕作能量的综合效应。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of paddy soil disturbance, soil structure and energy on mechanical deep loosening, the precision control test was carried out by using the in-situ soil tillage comprehensive test platform, and the chisel shovel was used. Five kinds of tillage depth (10 ~ 15 ~ 20 ~ 20 ~ 25 ~ (30) cm ~ (-1) were set to evaluate the effect of paddy soil deep loosening from tillage resistance and specific resistance, soil macroscopic disturbance profile and soil fragmentation scale distribution index. The results showed that the relationship between tillage resistance and tillage depth was in accordance with the second order function fitting. When the depth of tillage is 20 cm, the depth of soil disturbance is the greatest, the surface uplift, cracking and longitudinal fluctuation are the strongest, and the soil uplift height, uplift width, cross section disturbance area and average soil diameter are all the maximum, the soil uplift height, uplift width, cross section disturbance area and average soil diameter are all the highest. The tillage resistance was relatively low (62 KN / m ~ (2). However, when the tillage depth was more than 20 cm, the soil disturbance effect of deep spade was significantly reduced, the surface uplift, cracking and longitudinal fluctuation degree were weakened, and the soil uplift height was decreased. The width of the uplift, the disturbance area of the cross section and the average diameter of the soil block are all reduced obviously. When the tillage depth was 30 cm, it decreased to 10.3 cm ~ 31.2 cm ~ (-1), 0.026 8 m ~ (-1) ~ (2) ~ (19) ~ (12) cm, respectively, compared with the 20 cm depth of tillage, the decrease was 36.8% and 33.54%, respectively, while the specific resistance of tillage increased sharply to 195 kN / m ~ (2), the increase was as high as 214.5cm compared with the depth of tillage (20 cm). Therefore, under paddy soil condition, the optimum soil disturbance, soil structure and tillage energy can be obtained at a depth of 20 cm.
【作者单位】：南京农业大学工学院;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300900) 江苏省农机基金项目(201-051028)
【分类号】：S152.9

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