生物质炭特性及施用管理措施对作物产量影响的整合分析

发布时间：2018-06-05 09:16

本文选题：生物质炭 + 作物产量　；参考：《中国农业科学》2017年10期

【摘要】：【目的】大量研究表明农田施用具有特殊理化性质的生物质炭对作物产量具有显著影响,采用大样本统计方法量化生物质炭自身特性及施用管理措施对作物产量的影响程度。【方法】通过收集全球范围内公开发表的97篇生物质炭施用与土壤改良、作物生长有关的相对独立研究,共获得匹配数据819组。运用数据整合分析方法(Meta-analysis)量化生物质炭自身特性(原料、制备温度、C/N、pH)在人为施用管理(施用量与施用时长)、土壤属性(质地和酸碱度)等条件下对作物产量变化的影响。【结果】统计分析表明,与不施用生物质炭相比,施用生物质炭具有显著的增产效应,作物平均增产15.0%。生物质炭施用的增产效果在不同作物上存在显著差异,经济作物平均增产25.3%,显著高于粮食作物(10.0%)。生物质炭自身特性对作物产量影响显著,当制备温度600℃、pH7、C/N值介于20—300时,均具有显著的增产效果,增产范围为9.2%—26.6%,且增产幅度随着制备温度和其自身C/N值的增加而下降。对于不同质地和酸碱度的土壤而言,施用生物质炭的增产效果表现为黏质土壤砂质土壤壤质土壤;施用于酸性土壤可增产29.2%,分别是中性及碱性土壤的7.9和2.5倍。人为管理条件下,当生物质炭施用量10.0 t·hm~(-2)时,可显著提高作物产量,达到18.0%,施用量80.0 t·hm~(-2)后增产效果不显著。施用生物质炭的增产效果随着施用时间的增加而呈下降趋势,施用半年至两年内可增产13.4%—17.5%,超过两年,增产效应降至9.6%。【结论】生物质炭的增产效应随着生物质炭的属性、施用量和施用时长的不同有所差异。根据作物类型与土壤属性选择适宜特性的生物质炭,适时酌情间断性施用,不仅可以达到持续增产的目的,也降低成本,提高经济效益,可以作为现代可持续农业管理措施的选择。
[Abstract]:[objective] A large number of studies have shown that the application of biomass charcoal with special physicochemical properties has a significant effect on crop yield. Large sample statistical methods were used to quantify the effects of biomass charcoal characteristics and management measures on crop yield. [methods] 97 papers on biomass carbon application and soil improvement were collected and published worldwide. A total of 819 groups of matching data were obtained from relative independent studies on crop growth. Using data Integration Analysis method to quantify Biomass carbon characteristics (Raw material, Raw material, Biomass carbon, Biomass carbon) The effects of preparation temperature and pH on crop yield changes under artificial application (amount and duration of application), soil properties (texture and pH). [results] Statistical analysis showed that, compared with no biomass carbon, The application of biomass carbon had a significant effect on increasing the yield, and the average yield of crops was 15.0. There were significant differences in the effect of biomass carbon application on the yield of different crops. The average yield of cash crops was 25.3, which was significantly higher than that of grain crops (10.0%). Biomass carbon had a significant effect on crop yield. When the preparation temperature was between 20 and 300, the yield increased by 9.2-26.6%, and the yield increased with the increase of preparation temperature and C / N value. For the soils with different textures and pH values, the effect of biomass carbon application on yield increase was shown as follows: clay soil, sandy soil, loamy soil, and acid soil, which were 7.9 and 2.5 times higher than neutral and alkaline soils, respectively. Under artificial management, when biomass carbon was applied 10.0 t / hm ~ (-2), the crop yield was significantly increased to 18.0% (80.0 t / hm ~ (-2). The yield increase of biomass carbon decreased with the increase of application time, and the yield increased 13.4- 17.5in six months to two years. Over two years, the yield increasing effect decreased to 9.6. [conclusion] the yield increase effect of biomass carbon decreased with the properties of biomass carbon. The amount of application and the duration of application are different. According to crop types and soil properties, biomass charcoal with suitable characteristics can be applied intermittently and timely, which can not only achieve the purpose of increasing production continuously, but also reduce the cost and increase the economic benefit. It can be regarded as the choice of modern sustainable agricultural management measures.
【作者单位】：武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;上海市园林科学规划研究院;
【基金】：国家“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD14B02,2014BAD14B03) 国家自然科学基金(41101210) 上海市绿化和市容管理局项目(G160202)
【分类号】：S141

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