黄河中游砒砂岩区抗蚀促生技术集成与示范实施方案及施工关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 20:42

本文选题：固结促生 + W-OH-SF固化剂　；参考：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国水土流失严重,非常看重对生态系统脆弱地区的治理和恢复,研究水土流失原因,采用有效的治理防治措施迫在眉睫。黄河水利科学研究院牵头申请“十二五”科技支撑项目“黄河中游砒砂岩区抗蚀促生技术集成与示范”,该项目旨在对黄土高原砒砂岩区的治理展开研究,也是对多项规划的科技任务、国家重点工程建设等有关任务的具体实现。砒砂岩地区植被稀少,降水集中多以暴雨形式出现,土壤中粗粒含量多粘粒缺乏,颗粒间胶结程度差,结构强度低的特点。砒砂岩遇水泥化在雨水作用下容易冲刷造成该地区水土流失严重也成为黄河中下游泥沙淤积的主要来源,又该地区生态环境脆弱,气候干旱,春冬季风力频繁且强劲,全年平均风速较大也是我国大风沙暴的源头之一。没有水时砒砂岩硬的像石头,遇水时变的像烂泥,遇风则风化剥蚀,在冻融作用下沟坡沟谷积累了较厚的松散岩层。如何应用新的技术手段来改善砒砂岩特性和地区生态环境,有效防止水土流失,仍然是目前需要解决的关键技术。本课题是黄河水利科学研究院《黄河中游砒砂岩区抗蚀促生技术集成与示范》课题的专题之一,本文以建立固结促生一体化立体配置模式示范区为依托对准格尔旗地区二老虎沟流域的砒砂岩治理实施方案及施工关键技术展开研究,系统研究了砒砂岩地区水土流失一系列问题,初步确立了相对完整的砒砂岩边坡治理方案,为有效减少砒砂岩的水土流失和改善该地区生态环境提供理论依据,攻克同类地区实施方案的技术难题,使该技术成为今后治理砒砂岩地区的有效措施。通过大量室内室外试验研究并取得较好的试验效果,大规模实施可实现有效的减少砒砂岩区的水土流失和生态环境的改善,为砒砂岩区的综合治理提供重要的技术支撑和科学依据。经试验和理论研究确立了抗蚀促生生物—材料措施立体配置模式,并设计了基于W-OH-SF的砒砂岩地区自然边坡护坡工法。自然边坡生态护坡工法设计:按坡度的陡缓程度、地质及生态恢复的功能需要,对其护坡结构进行设计,自上而下分为4个区,即坡顶区、陡坡区、中等坡度区、坡脚缓坡区及谷底区,对各个分区用不同的措施治理;对工法的实施制定了相应的施工组织设计,对工法实施过程中质量控制,安全措施,环保措施做了明确的要求,通过示范区的试验,对其试验效果和数据进行记录分析得出本设计方案对治理砒砂岩地区水土流失具有显著的效果。
[Abstract]:The soil and water loss is serious in our country, so it is urgent to take effective measures to control and restore the fragile areas of ecosystem, to study the causes of soil and water loss and to adopt effective measures to control and control the soil and water loss. The Yellow River Water Conservancy Science Research Institute has led the application for the 12th Five-Year Plan Science and Technology support Project, "Integration and demonstration of Anti-corrosion and Propagation techniques for the Pisha Sandstone area in the Middle Yellow River," which aims to carry out a study on the treatment of the Pisha Sandstone area on the Loess Plateau. It is also the realization of many planned scientific and technological tasks, national key projects and other related tasks. The vegetation is rare in the soft rock area, the precipitation is concentrated in the form of rainstorm, the coarse grain content in the soil is lack of many clay grains, the cementation degree between the grains is poor, and the structure intensity is low. It is easy to scour the soft sandstone under the action of Rain Water, which also becomes the main source of sediment deposition in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and the ecological environment is fragile, the climate is dry, and the wind is frequent and strong in spring and winter. The annual average wind speed is also one of the sources of gale sandstorms in China. When there is no water, the soft rock is hard like stone, when the water is time-varying, it looks like mud, when the wind is weathered and denuded, it accumulates thick loose rock layers in the gully slope and valley under the action of freeze-thaw. How to use new technical means to improve the characteristics and ecological environment of arsenopyst and effectively prevent soil erosion is still the key technology to be solved at present. This topic is one of the special topics of the Yellow River Research Institute of Water Conservancy, "Integration and demonstration of anti-corrosion and promoting growth techniques in the middle reaches of the Yellow River". In this paper, based on the establishment of a demonstration area for the integration of consolidation and growth promotion, the implementation scheme and key construction technology of the arsenic sandstone treatment in Erhuogou watershed of Zhungeer Banner area are studied. In this paper, a series of problems of soil and water loss in arsenopyst area are systematically studied, and a relatively complete treatment scheme of arsenitic sandstone slope is preliminarily established, which provides a theoretical basis for effectively reducing soil erosion and improving ecological environment in this area. In order to solve the technical problems in the similar areas, this technology will become an effective measure to control the soft rock area in the future. Through a large number of indoor and outdoor experiments and good experimental results, large-scale implementation can effectively reduce soil and water loss and improve ecological environment in arsenopyst area. It provides important technical support and scientific basis for comprehensive management of arsenite area. Based on the experimental and theoretical study, the three-dimensional configuration model of biological-material measures for anti-corrosion promotion was established, and the slope protection method of natural slope in arsenopyst area based on W-OH-SF was designed. Natural slope ecological slope protection method design: according to the steep degree of slope, geological and ecological restoration function needs, the slope protection structure is designed, from top to bottom is divided into four areas, that is, slope top area, steep slope area, middle slope area, In the gentle slope area at the foot of the slope and in the valley bottom area, different measures are used to control each sub-district; the corresponding construction organization design is formulated for the implementation of the construction method; the quality control, safety measures and environmental protection measures during the implementation of the construction method are clearly required. Through the test in the demonstration area, the test effect and data are recorded and analyzed. It is concluded that the design scheme has remarkable effect on controlling soil and water loss in the soft rock area.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157

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