苜蓿接种根瘤菌和施肥对铁尾矿砂基质改良效果的影响

发布时间：2018-06-06 07:21

本文选题：紫花苜蓿 + 根瘤菌　；参考：《水土保持学报》2016年01期

【摘要】：采用裂区试验设计方法,以铁尾矿砂为生长基质进行紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)盆栽试验,探讨了紫花苜蓿接种不同根瘤菌菌株和施肥水平对紫花苜蓿生长的影响,以筛选出明显促进紫花苜蓿生长的根瘤菌菌株与施肥水平的最佳组合。在最佳组合条件下,研究了紫花苜蓿连续种植2a后铁尾矿基质理化性质和生物学特性的变化。结果表明:(1)接种根瘤菌明显促进了紫花苜蓿根瘤重、根鲜重、地上部鲜重、株高的提高,其中以接种菌株17676的效果明显。(2)施肥对紫花苜蓿的生长有显著的促进作用。随着施肥水平的提高,紫花苜蓿的各项生长指标均逐渐增大,在5%施肥水平时最高,并且在5%施肥水平时紫花苜蓿地上部鲜重和株高与2.5%和1%2个施肥水平间差异显著。2.5%施肥水平下,紫花苜蓿根瘤重最大,但与5%施肥水平差异不显著。表明5%施肥水平对促进紫花苜蓿生长的效果最佳。(3)与对照(裸尾矿砂)相比,在5%施肥水平条件下,种植接种17676菌株的紫花苜蓿后,铁尾矿砂基质的理化性质和生物学特性均有了极为明显的改善(P0.01)。其中,容重显著下降,田间持水量和总孔隙度明显提高,pH值显著下降并接近中性,有机质和速效养分(碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾)含量显著提高,基质中的细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量以及土壤酶(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和纤维素酶)活性明显提高。(4)与播种当年相比,种植紫花苜蓿2a的铁尾矿砂基质的理化性质和生物学特性均有不同程度的改善。其中,除了细菌和真菌数量以及有机质和碱解氮含量的提高效果不明显外,其他各项指标均达到了显著水平。表明5%有机肥水平条件下种植接种17676菌株的紫花苜蓿对铁尾矿砂基质的改良效果显著,紫花苜蓿种植年限对铁尾矿砂基质的改良效果也有重要作用。
[Abstract]:Using iron tailings as growth substrate, Medicago sativa L. Pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of inoculation of different rhizobia strains and fertilization levels on the growth of alfalfa, so as to select the best combination of rhizobia strains and fertilization levels that could significantly promote the growth of alfalfa. The changes of physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of iron tailings were studied under the optimum combination conditions after 2 years of continuous planting of alfalfa. The results showed that root-nodule weight, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and plant height of alfalfa were significantly increased by inoculation of Rhizobium root nodule, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and plant height. Among them, inoculation of strain 17676 had a significant effect on the growth of alfalfa. With the improvement of fertilization level, the growth indexes of alfalfa increased gradually and reached the highest at 5% fertilization level. Under the condition of 5% fertilization, the root nodule weight of alfalfa was the largest, but the difference was not significant compared with 5% fertilization level, and the difference between the fresh weight and plant height of alfalfa was significantly higher than that of 2.5% and 1% fertilization level. The results showed that the effect of 5% fertilization on the growth of alfalfa was the best. Compared with the control (bare tailings), under the condition of 5% fertilization, alfalfa inoculated with 17676 strain of alfalfa was planted. The physicochemical and biological properties of iron tailings matrix have been improved obviously (P 0.01). Among them, the bulk density decreased significantly, the field water holding capacity and total porosity increased significantly and the pH value decreased significantly and close to neutral, the contents of organic matter and available nutrients (alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, rapidly available phosphorus, rapidly available potassium) increased significantly, and the bacteria in the substrate increased significantly. The number of fungi and actinomycetes and the activities of soil enzymes (catalase, urease, sucrase, phosphatase and cellulase) increased significantly compared with the year of sowing. The physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of iron tailings substrates planted with alfalfa for 2 years were improved to some extent. Except for bacteria and fungi, organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, the other indexes reached significant level. The results showed that alfalfa inoculated with 17676 strain at 5% organic fertilizer level had a significant effect on the improvement of iron tailings sand matrix, and alfalfa planting years also played an important role in improving iron tailings sand matrix.
【作者单位】：河北农业大学林学院;河北省微生物研究所;河北省林木种质资源和森林保护重点实验室;
【基金】：“十二五”环境领域国家科技计划项目(2012BAC09B03) “十二五”农村领域国家科技计划项目(2011BAD38B0103-3)
【分类号】：S156;S541.9

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