直插式根灌的土壤水分时空分布与节水效率

发布时间：2018-06-07 00:39

本文选题：直插式根灌 + 土壤水分　；参考：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年04期

【摘要】：在塔里木河下游枣树生态经济林进行根灌试验,研究了直插式根灌条件下的土壤水分时空分布和节水效率。结果表明:(1)灌水过程中直插式根灌的土壤水分分布在0~100 cm土壤层,随灌溉时间增加,土壤含水量,0~20 cm土层呈波动变化,80~100 cm土层基本稳定,其余各土层呈S型增加;(2)不同时期1 m深土层平均土壤体积含水量最大值及达到最大值的时间,枣树生长初期为44.62%、7.5 h,花期为43.26%、12.5 h,幼果期为46.3%、15 h;(3)根灌过程中,各土层土壤含水量变异系数大小次序为80 cm20 cm40 cm60 cm100 cm;灌后土壤平均含水量,80、100 cm土层与其余各层之间差异显著,20、40、60 cm土层之间差异不显著,80 cm土层土壤含水量空间异质性最高;(4)三次试验后20 d内,0~100 cm土层的平均土壤体积含水量消退速率分别为0.21%·d~(-1)、0.19%·d~(-1)和0.17%·d~(-1),土壤体积含水量60 cm和100 cm土层消退速率稳定,40 cm土层呈先消退后增加的趋势,20 cm土层0~10 d迅速消退,80 cm土层11~20 d迅速消退;(5)直插式根灌的节水效率比地表滴灌高27.78%,水分利用效率分别比地表滴灌和漫灌高8.12%、52.46%。
[Abstract]:The experiment of root irrigation was carried out in the ecological economic forest of jujube trees in the lower reaches of Tarim River. The spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture and the efficiency of water saving were studied under the condition of direct root irrigation. The results showed that the soil moisture distribution in 0 ~ 100 cm soil layer was increased with the increase of irrigation time, and the soil moisture content of 0 ~ 0 ~ (20) cm soil layer was stable in the soil layer of 80 ~ 100 cm in the process of irrigation. The time of maximum and maximum soil volume water content in 1 m deep soil layer in different periods was 44.62 ~ 7.5 h, 43.26 ~ 12.5 h in flowering period, 46.3% in young fruit stage, 44.62 ~ 7.5 h in jujube tree growth stage, 46.3% ~ 15 h ~ (-1) in young fruit stage. The order of variation coefficient of soil water content in each soil layer is 80 cm20 cm40 cm60 cm100 cm, and the difference between the average soil moisture content of 80 cm soil layer after irrigation and the other layers is significant. There is no significant difference between the soil moisture content of 80 cm soil layer and that of the other layers, and the spatial variation of soil moisture content in 80 cm soil layer is not significant. The regression rate of average soil volume water content in the soil layer of 100 cm is 0.21% dlg ~ (-1) and 0.19% DU ~ (-1), respectively, and 0.17% D ~ (1) C ~ (-1). The regression rate of soil volume water content of 60cm and 100cm soil layer is stable and the soil depth of 40cm soil layer increases after the first regression, and the regression rate of soil volume water content is stable in the soil layer of 60cm and 100cm, respectively, and the regression rate of soil volume water content is 0.21%. The water saving efficiency of vertical root irrigation was 27.78 higher than that of surface drip irrigation, and the water use efficiency was 8.12% and 52.46% higher than that of surface drip irrigation and diffuse irrigation, respectively.
【作者单位】：中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所;中国科学院大学;宁夏中卫沙坡头国家级自然保护区管理局;甘肃省治沙研究所;
【基金】：宁夏回族自治区环保厅宁夏环保生态示范基地根灌节水技术研究与示范项目(Y490L61001) 甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1304JKCA170)
【分类号】：S152.7;S275

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