电解锰渣肥料资源化利用研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 04:28

本文选题：电解锰渣 + 锰肥　；参考：《宁夏大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：电解锰渣是碳酸锰矿经硫酸法浸取制备电解锰液后产生的一种高水分的固体废弃物。针对电解锰工业生产过程中所产生的大量电解锰渣,不仅占用土地,而且可能污染环境等突出问题,充分发挥电解锰渣氮素相对丰富,且含有硒、硼、锰、钠、铁、钾、有机质、氨态氮等营养元素的特点,研究电解锰渣潜在的肥料资源化利用价值,变废为宝,降低农业施锰肥的成本,提高作物产量,改善作物品质,减少环境污染,实现工业废料的资源化综合循环利用,维护生态安全,促进环境友好协调发展。通过田间试验和室内分析,探讨电解锰渣单独施用、与无机肥配施、与生物有机肥配施、以及制成电解锰渣-有机-无机复混肥施用后的土壤和作物效应。主要研究结果为：1.电解锰渣的基本物理化学性质电解锰渣是一种黑色细小的泥糊状粉体物质,大多数成分都是植物生长发育所需的营养物质,具备做肥料的必要营养条件。2.电解锰渣及其不同配比措施对土壤理化性质的影响单独施用电解锰渣后,土壤中有机质、速效磷、碱解氮均显著增加,而全盐的变化不显著；施用电解锰渣与有机-无机复混肥后,随着电解锰渣施用量的增加,土壤中速效钾、速效磷、碱解氮的含量均有所增加,有机质、全盐的含量也显著增加,但pH却有下降的趋势。应适量施用电解锰渣以避免导致土壤盐分累积。3.电解锰渣及其不同配比措施对玉米和蔬菜生长的影响单独施用电解锰渣,但能够明显增加辣椒中可溶性糖、还原糖、维生素C的含量,其中Vc含量增加极显著,并且比单施无机肥效果好。电解锰渣与有机肥配合施用后,玉米干物质积累量显著增加；但对叶绿素、茎粗、株高含量均影响不大；电解锰渣-无机复混肥施用后,辣椒的Vc及可溶性糖含量均显著增加；产量也随之增长。电解锰渣配施有机-无机复混肥后玉米的叶绿素、茎粗、株高含量均显著提高；辣椒中还原糖的、可溶性糖以及维生素C含量都达到了最高的水平。4.电解锰渣配施有机-无机复混肥对土壤和农产品安全性的影响与不施肥的土壤相比,电解锰渣单独施用后,总铬含量加倍,而镍、铜、锰、锌等元素含量均稍有增加,但不会导致土壤重金属污染；而电解锰渣与生物有机肥配合施用后,土壤中重金属能够被有机肥有效的络合,除锰外,各元素的含量均下降,甚至比对照土壤还低。电解锰渣施入后,促进了玉米根系的发育和对营养物质的吸收和累积,且铬、锰、铜主要在玉米根部富集,从而大大减少了向地上部分迁移转化,有助于食品安全；对辣椒茎杆中砷和镍的含量没有产生影响,而明显改善了对于微量营养元素锰和铜的吸收积累；电解锰渣配施有机-无机复混肥后,促进了植株的生长发育,铜、锰和锌的吸收积累得到了改善,且符合食品安全标准,是可以开发利用的新型肥料资源。
[Abstract]:Electrolytic manganese slag is a kind of high moisture solid waste produced by leaching manganese carbonate ore with sulfuric acid to prepare electrolytic manganese solution. In view of the outstanding problems of electrolytic manganese slag produced in the industrial production of electrolytic manganese, such as occupying land and possibly polluting the environment, the electrolytic manganese slag is relatively rich in nitrogen and contains selenium, boron, manganese, sodium, iron, potassium, etc. The characteristics of nutrient elements such as organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, etc., the potential value of electrolytic manganese slag in fertilizer utilization, the conversion of waste into treasure, the reduction of the cost of applying manganese fertilizer in agriculture, the improvement of crop yield, the improvement of crop quality and the reduction of environmental pollution were studied. To realize the comprehensive recycling of industrial wastes, to maintain ecological security and to promote the friendly and coordinated development of the environment. Field experiments and laboratory analysis were conducted to investigate the effects of electrolytic manganese slag on soil and crops after application of electrolytic manganese slag alone, with inorganic fertilizer, with biological organic fertilizer, and with electrolytic manganese slag and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The main research result is: 1: 1. Basic Physicochemical Properties of electrolytic Manganese Slag Electrolytic Manganese Slag is a kind of black fine slime paste powder most of which are nutrients needed for plant growth and development. Effects of electrolytic Manganese Slag and its different proportion on soil Physicochemical Properties the organic matter, available phosphorus and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil increased significantly after the application of electrolytic manganese slag alone, but the change of total salt was not significant. With the application of electrolytic manganese slag and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the contents of available potassium, available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil increased with the increase of the amount of electrolytic manganese slag, and the contents of organic matter and total salt also increased significantly. However, pH has a downward trend. Appropriate amount of electrolytic manganese residue should be applied to avoid soil salt accumulation. 3. Effects of electrolytic Manganese residue and its different proportion on growth of Maize and vegetable the content of soluble sugar reducing sugar and vitamin C in capsicum can be increased obviously by applying electrolytic manganese slag alone. And the effect is better than that of inorganic fertilizer alone. The dry matter accumulation of corn increased significantly after the application of electrolytic manganese slag and organic fertilizer, but had little effect on chlorophyll, stem diameter and plant height, and the VC and soluble sugar content of pepper increased significantly after the application of electrolytic manganese slag and inorganic compound fertilizer. The output also increases with it. The content of chlorophyll, stem diameter and plant height of corn treated with organic / inorganic compound fertilizer with electrolytic manganese residue increased significantly, while the content of soluble sugar and vitamin C in reducing sugar reached the highest level. 4. Effects of Organic and Inorganic compound Fertilizer on soil and Agricultural products Safety in Electrolytic Manganese Slag compared with soil without Fertilizer, the content of total chromium doubled, while the contents of Ni, Cu, mn and Zn increased slightly after the application of electrolytic manganese slag alone. But it could not lead to heavy metal pollution in soil, but after the application of electrolytic manganese residue and biological organic fertilizer, the heavy metals in the soil could be effectively complexed by organic fertilizer, except manganese, the contents of each element were all decreased, even lower than that of the control soil. The application of electrolytic manganese residue promoted the development of maize roots and the absorption and accumulation of nutrients, and chromium, manganese and copper were mainly enriched in the roots of maize, which greatly reduced the migration and transformation to the aboveground parts and contributed to food safety. The contents of arsenic and nickel in pepper stem were not affected, but the absorption and accumulation of micronutrient element manganese and copper were improved obviously, and the growth and development of plant were promoted by electrolytic manganese slag combined with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, copper, copper, The absorption and accumulation of manganese and zinc have been improved and accord with the food safety standard, so it is a new fertilizer resource that can be developed and utilized.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S143

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