控释氮肥与尿素掺混比例对作物中后期土壤供氮能力和稻麦产量的影响

发布时间：2018-06-08 04:33

本文选题：稻麦轮作 + 控释肥掺混比例　；参考：《植物营养与肥料学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：【目的】研究控释肥与尿素掺混比例对土壤氮含量及稻麦产量和经济效益的影响,旨在筛选综合效果最佳掺混比例,为稻麦轮作区控释氮肥推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】采用稻麦轮作两季作物大田试验,以常规尿素施肥为对照,在稻、麦季施氮量均为150 kg/hm~2的水平下,设定添加控释氮肥比例0、10%、20%、40%、80%、100%6个处理,分别记为T1、T2、T3、T4、T5和T6。除T1(100%尿素)分基施和追施,其他处理氮肥均一次性基施。分析了土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量,调查了稻麦株高与生物量、产量构成以及经济效益。【结果】1)添加20%以上控释氮肥时稻麦生育中后期土壤无机氮含量有显著提升,以添加40%控释氮肥(T4)处理效果最明显。2)与T1相比,添加20%比例以上控释氮肥,稻麦生育中后期的生物量与成熟期产量均显著增加,以T4处理产量最高,稻、麦季分别比常规尿素处理增产11%和14%,显著提高小麦季穗长19.19%,显著提高水稻季穗粒数与千粒重13.79%和8.43%。3)随添加控释氮肥比例增加,稻麦季经济效益均先增加后下降,T4处理经济效益最佳,较常规尿素处理,小麦季增收1108.12 yuan/hm~2,提高23.24%,水稻季增收2497.80 yuan/hm~2,提高14.87%。【结论】以40%控释氮肥与60%尿素掺混一次性基施,可有效增加作物中后期土壤氮素供应能力,促进稻麦生长并获得显著的增产效果,还可减少人工投入或材料成本,有效提高经济效益。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the effect of the proportion of controlled release fertilizer and urea on soil nitrogen content, yield and economic benefit of rice and wheat. [methods] the field experiment of rice and wheat rotation was carried out in two crops. Conventional urea fertilization was used as control, and the amount of nitrogen applied in rice and wheat season was 150 kg/hm~2. Set the rate of 0 10%, 20% 20%, 40%, 80% and 100% of the amount of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer added, which are recorded as T1, T2, T3, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. With the exception of 100% urea (T _ (1) N) and topdressing, all other nitrogen treatments were treated by one-time basal application. The contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil were analyzed. The plant height, biomass, yield composition and economic benefit of rice and wheat were investigated. [results] 1) the content of inorganic nitrogen in rice and wheat increased significantly in the middle and late stage of growth with more than 20% controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with T1, the biomass and yield of rice and wheat increased significantly in the middle and late growing period of rice and wheat, and the yield of rice and rice was the highest in T4 treatment. Compared with conventional urea treatment, wheat season increased yield by 11% and 14%, significantly increased ear length (19.19%), grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight (1000-grain weight 13.79%) and grain weight (8.43.3%) increased with the addition of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer. The economic benefit of rice and wheat increased first and then decreased. Compared with conventional urea treatment, rice and wheat increased 1108.12 yuan / hm ~ (-2), 23.24m ~ (-2), 2497.80 yuan / hm ~ (2) and 14.87% respectively. [conclusion] 40% controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and 60% urea were mixed with one-off basal fertilizer, and the economic benefit of rice and wheat increased by 2497.80 yuan / hm ~ (-2) and 14.87% respectively. [conclusion] 40% controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and 60% urea were mixed with one-off basal application. It can effectively increase the soil nitrogen supply capacity, promote the growth of rice and wheat and obtain a remarkable increase in yield. It can also reduce the cost of labor input or material, and effectively improve the economic benefit.
【作者单位】：四川农业大学资源学院;中国科学院南京土壤研究所;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B13) 四川省科技支撑计划(2012JZ0003)资助
【分类号】：S143.1;S511

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