淮北平原旱涝急转条件下水稻减产规律分析

发布时间：2018-06-08 17:24

本文选题：胁迫 + 干旱　；参考：《农业工程学报》2017年21期

【摘要】：为探究水稻旱涝急转下先期旱胁迫与后期涝胁迫交互作用对产量造成的影响,于2016年在淮委水科院新马桥试验站开展了不同旱涝水平(受旱程度(50%~70%田持),受旱时间(5~15 d),受涝程度(50%~100%株高),受涝时间(5~9 d))的旱涝急转组,单旱组,单涝组,正常组平行对比形式的测桶试验。分析了不同旱涝组合形式下先旱与后涝互作效应的减产规律,进一步探究了旱涝互作对产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:通过旱涝急转组与正常组对比,重旱重涝组合减产30.3%,对产量最为不利,长时间重旱使总粒数削减30%左右,千粒质量与结实率均接近或高于正常组;旱涝急转组与单旱组对比,旱涝急转组(重涝)比单旱组产量削减程度增加30%以上,总粒数损失增加33.9%~35.2%,旱涝急转组(短期轻涝)比单旱组(长期重旱)千粒质量和结实率分别补偿33.6%和37.6%;旱涝急转组与单涝组对比,旱涝急转组(长期轻旱)比单涝组(长期重涝)产量补偿113.0%,旱涝急转组(重旱)比单涝组(重涝或长期轻涝)总粒数削减31.9%~33.7%,旱涝急转组(长期旱)比单涝组千粒质量和结实率分别补偿79.7%和118.4%。研究成果可为探究旱涝急转致灾机理及减灾措施提供参考。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effect of the interaction between the early drought stress and the late waterlogging stress on the yield of rice under the rapid transformation of drought and flood, In 2016, at Xinmaqiao Experimental Station of Huai Committee Water Institute, drought and flood rapid turning group, single drought group and single flood group were carried out at Xinmaqiao Experimental Station of Huai Committee Water Science Institute (drought degree was 50%, drought time was 5 ~ 15 days, flood degree was 50 ~ 100% plant height, waterlogging time was 5 ~ 9 days). The bucket test in the normal group in parallel contrast form. In this paper, the effect of drought and waterlogging on yield reduction under different combination of drought and flood is analyzed, and the effect of drought and flood interaction on yield composition is further explored. The results showed that: compared with the normal group, the heavy drought and heavy waterlogging combination reduced the yield by 30.3%, the long time heavy drought reduced the total number of grains by about 30%, and the weight of thousands of seeds and the seed setting rate were close to or higher than the normal group. Compared with the single drought group, the yield reduction degree of the drought / flood acute transformation group (heavy flood group) was more than 30% higher than that of the single drought group. The total grain number loss increased by 33.9% and 35.2%, the weight and seed setting rate of thousands of seeds in the drought and flood quick turning group (short term light flood) were 33.6% and 37.6% respectively compared with the single drought group (long term severe drought), and the comparison between the drought and flood quick turn group and the single flood group was carried out, and the total grain number loss was increased by 33.9% and 37.6%, respectively. The total grain number of drought and flood rapid transition group (heavy flood group or long term light flood group) was 31.9% lower than that of single flood group (heavy waterlogging group or long term light flood group), and that of drought and flood rapid transition group (long-term drought group) was more than that of single flood group (long term drought group), and the total grain number of single flood and waterlogging group (heavy drought group) was 31.9% lower than that of single flood group (long term drought group). The quality and seed setting rate were compensated by 79.7% and 118.4%, respectively. The research results can provide a reference for exploring the mechanism of drought and flood turning to disaster reduction.
【作者单位】：武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室;安徽省水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目:旱涝急转发生机理与减灾方法研究(51339004)
【分类号】：S42;S511

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