基于DSP的液态肥料施肥测控系统研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 01:24

本文选题：液态肥料 + 测控系统　；参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来液态肥料由于易吸收、环保等特点在农业生产中得到越来越多应用,但农业市场缺少控制精确的液态肥料施肥设备。针对农业市场对施肥控制设备的需求,本文设计基于DSP的液态肥料施肥测控系统,并对测控系统的控制器、执行器、信号采集等各部分进行设计与开发。(1)液态肥料施肥测控系统整体构架设计,测控装置主要包括上位机、控制器、执行机构(步进电机和电磁阀)、计量机构等,并对与播种机载体以及各机械部分的空间合理性、牢固性等进行设计。(2)测控系统控制器设计。控制器硬件电路包括主控电路,驱动电路,电源电路三部分。设计DSP最小工作系统、主控电路DSP芯片的供电电源电路、步进电机驱动电路等,以及对上位机的硬件电路设计,并包括其相关PCB制板以及焊接调试。(3)液态肥料施肥测控装置软件设计。通过DSP软件的开发环境CCS,设计实现测控装置功能程序,包括系统初始化、冲洗、电磁阀控制、步进电机运行与限位开关工作、施肥量计算等;上位机部分包括设置施肥参数和状态显示等程序设计。(4)根据工艺需求设计系统仪表电气设备选型与电气回路,对测控装置功能所需要的仪表电气设备选型,并对仪表设备的电气回路连接进行设计。(5)液态肥料施肥测控装置安装调试与实验。将各部分进行安装调试,对测控装置实施静态实验和动态实验。通过实验数据,分析存在问题并改进。实验结果表明测控装置符合施肥量精度要求技术指标,可靠正常运行。总之,基于DSP的液态肥料施肥测控系统,包括测控系统上位机、信号采集部分、控制器、执行器等组成部分,具有根据农机行进速度和每亩施肥参数自动调节施肥流量功能。最后,对测控装置进行的静态和动态实验并分析实验数据,结果表明液体肥料测控装置的精确性和可靠性满足控制要求,具有一定的实际工程应用价值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, liquid fertilizer has been applied more and more in agricultural production due to its characteristics of easy absorption and environmental protection. However, the agricultural market is short of precise control equipment for liquid fertilizer fertilization. In view of the demand of fertilizer control equipment in agricultural market, this paper designs a liquid fertilizer fertilization control system based on DSP, and the controller and actuator of the system. Signal acquisition and other parts of the design and development of the whole structure of the liquid fertilizer fertilization measurement and control system, the monitoring and control device mainly includes upper computer, controller, executive agencies (stepping motor and solenoid valve, measuring mechanism, etc.) The controller of the measuring and controlling system is designed for the space rationality and fastness of the planter carrier and the mechanical parts. Controller hardware circuit includes three parts: main control circuit, drive circuit and power circuit. Design DSP minimum working system, main control circuit DSP chip power supply circuit, stepper motor drive circuit, as well as the hardware circuit design of host computer, It also includes the software design of PCB board and welding debugging. Through the development environment of DSP software CCS, the function program of measurement and control device is designed and realized, including system initialization, washing, solenoid valve control, step motor operation and limit switch operation, fertilization calculation and so on. The upper computer part includes the program design of setting fertilization parameters and state display etc.) according to the process requirements, the selection of instrument electrical equipment and electric circuit are designed, and the type selection of instrument electrical equipment required by the function of measurement and control device is discussed. The electrical circuit connection of the instrument equipment is designed. 5) the installation, debugging and experiment of the liquid fertilizer measuring and controlling device. All parts are installed and debugged, and static and dynamic experiments are carried out on the measuring and controlling device. Through the experimental data, the existing problems are analyzed and improved. The experimental results show that the measuring and controlling device meets the technical requirements of the precision of fertilizer application and runs reliably and normally. In a word, the liquid fertilizer fertilization measurement and control system based on DSP includes the upper computer, signal acquisition part, controller, actuator and so on. It has the function of automatically adjusting the fertilizer flow rate according to the travel speed of agricultural machinery and the fertilization parameters per mu. Finally, the static and dynamic experiments of the measuring and controlling device are carried out and the experimental data are analyzed. The results show that the accuracy and reliability of the liquid fertilizer measuring and controlling device meet the control requirements and have certain practical engineering application value.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S224.21;TP273

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