耕作方式对玉米田土壤真菌群落及多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-06-10 16:00

本文选题：玉米田 + 土壤真菌　；参考：《中国植保导刊》2017年04期

【摘要】：为明确不同耕作方式对玉米田土壤真菌区系的影响,2011-2015年选取全国13个主要玉米种植区不同保护性耕作处理的土壤465份,进行了玉米田土壤真菌多样性的研究。采用稀释平板法和水稻秸秆组织定殖法分离出真菌3 167株,利用形态学鉴定出43属71种。其中,接合菌6属8种,占总菌株数的9.66%;子囊菌3属4种,占2.05%;无性型真菌36属59种,占85.54%。除无孢类群外,玉米田中的优势菌分别为镰孢菌属(Fusarium)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus),分别占总菌株数的15.57%、15.50%、14.34%、12.53%。13个地区中吉林洮南地区玉米田土壤真菌多样性指数和丰富度指数最高,分别为R=5.772 7和H′=2.730 0;陕西杨凌地区玉米田土壤真菌均匀度指数最高(J=0.970 2);辽宁沈阳和吉林洮南玉米田土壤真菌相似度指数最高(C_j=0.806 5),云南曲靖、四川绵阳地区玉米田土壤真菌相似度指数最低(C_j=0.045 5)。研究表明,深松处理使玉米田土壤有益真菌数量逐年增加,且高于旋耕处理;致病菌数量显著下降,降低水平低于旋耕处理;中性菌数量年际间变化不显著;秸秆还田处理玉米田土壤有益菌、致病菌和中性菌数量均高于旋耕处理;随耕作年限增加有益菌和中性菌数量平稳上升,致病菌数量逐年下降,但不排除有回升的可能性。
[Abstract]:In order to determine the effect of different tillage methods on soil fungal flora in maize field, 465 soil samples from 13 main maize cultivation areas in China were selected from 2011 to 2015 to study the soil fungal diversity of maize field. A total of 3 167 strains of fungi were isolated by dilution plate method and rice straw tissue colonization method, and 71 species belonging to 43 genera were identified by morphology. Among them, there are 8 species belonging to 6 genera, 9. 66% of the total strains, 4 species of ascomycetes belonging to 3 genera and 2. 05 species, 59 species of asexual fungi belonging to 36 genera, accounting for 85. 54 species. The dominant bacteria in maize field were Fusarium, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillusus, respectively, which accounted for 15.575.50 ~ 14.3412.3412.53.13 of the total strains, the soil fungal diversity index and richness index were the highest in Taonan, Jilin Province, respectively. The soil fungi evenness index of maize field in Yang Ling area of Shaanxi Province is the highest, Jang 0.970 2, the similarity index of soil fungi in Shenyang and Taonan corn fields in Liaoning Province is the highest, the similarity index of soil fungi in Shenyang corn field and Taonan corn field in Jilin Province is the highest, Qujing, Yunnan Province, China. The similarity index of soil fungi in maize field was the lowest in Mianyang, Sichuan Province. The results showed that the number of beneficial fungi increased year by year, and higher than that of rotary tillage treatment, the number of pathogenic bacteria decreased significantly, and the decrease level was lower than that of rotary tillage treatment, and the number of neutral bacteria did not change significantly between years. The number of pathogenic bacteria and neutral bacteria in maize field treated with straw returning were higher than that in rotary tillage treatment, and the number of beneficial bacteria and neutral bacteria increased steadily with the increase of years of tillage, and the number of pathogenic bacteria decreased year by year, but the possibility of increasing the number of pathogenic bacteria was not excluded.
【作者单位】：沈阳农业大学植物保护学院;上海交通大学农业与生物学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31271992) 国家现代农业(玉米)产业技术体系(CARS-02)
【分类号】：S154.3;S513

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