基于耕地质量评价的基本农田分区建设研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 10:12

本文选题：耕地质量 + 综合评价　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在当今的社会经济发展和生产活动中,土地作为人类发展和赖以生存的物质基础占据着非常重要的作用,然而我国人多地少的国情特点意味着我们必须要科学合理地利用每一寸土地。当今,我国城市化的发展越来越快,在农业生产中,耕地作为土地资源的精华,是最基本需要的物质条件,对耕地资源的保护与合理利用是解决目前粮食问题的重要手段。而近些年来我国的耕地数量逐渐在减少,耕地质量逐渐在下降,耕地保护迫在眉睫。因此,通过加强耕地质量建设,有效提高耕地质量和耕地产能,为保障区域粮食安全、推进现代农业快速发展具有重要作用。基本农田分区建设是指根据耕地的自然条件及土地利用特点、差异特性及限制因素,将规划区内耕地划分为不同的土地利用区域,针对不同区域的特点,提出适应本区域的基础地力改良、农田基础设施建设及耕地利用的规模化等措施。本研究在了解耕地质量评价、基本农田保护等国内外研究进展及相关概念的基础上,依据区位与区划理论、系统学理论、人地关系理论、可持续发展理论、外部性理论等理论基础,以黑龙江省绥化市北林区为研究区,构建土壤质量、农田基础设施、耕作田块条件3方面的耕地综合质量评价指标体系,评价耕地综合质量状况并划分基本农田不同类型区,进而提出分区建设的建议和措施。全文研究主要内容和成果如下:(1)耕地质量评价指标体系构建。以基本农田建设与保护为根本目标,在明确相关概念内涵及研究理论基础上,从土壤质量、农田基础设施建设、耕作田块条件3方面选取有效土层厚度、土壤有机质含量、土壤质地、土壤PH值、地形坡度、农田防护林比率、田间道路通达度、灌排条件、田块形态、田块规模等10个指标。(2)耕地综合质量评价及分区研究。运用综合指数模型计算研究区内耕地质量综合分值。分值最高为94.86,最低为66.94,运用自然断点法及GIS技术将全区耕地划分为优先划定型、适宜调入型、重点建设型和退出型耕地区。(3)不同类型区基本农田分区建设研究。优先划定型耕地区是全区耕地质量最优的区域,是未来基本农田保护的核心,不仅可直接划为基本农田,也是高标准农田建设的首选对象;适宜调入型耕地区整体质量略逊一筹,但无较大的限制因素,可作为基本农田划定对象,未来通过一定基础设施建设和权属调整对其稍加改造,也可作为基本农田优先建设区域;重点建设型耕地区耕地质量存在一定障碍,需判别限制因素后,采取差别化的土地整理模式与农田经营管理调控手段,提出土地整治的方向、目标和时序;退出型耕地区耕地质量差且限制因素显著,该区不适宜划为基本农田,未来以增强土地生态功能、保障区域耕地可持续利用为目标,提高区域耕地生态安全。通过对不同类型区基本农田分区建设,可有效提升耕地综合质量,保障区域粮食综合产能,为推进规模化基本农田集中建设与保护、推动两大平原农业现代化建设进程提供依据。
[Abstract]:In today's social and economic development and production activities, land occupies a very important role as the basis for human development and the material basis for survival. However, the characteristics of our country's national conditions mean that we must make use of every inch of land scientifically and rationally. Today, the development of urbanization in our country is growing faster and faster in agricultural production, As the essence of land resources, cultivated land is the most essential material condition. The protection and rational utilization of cultivated land resources is an important means to solve the problem of grain. In recent years, the number of cultivated land in China is gradually decreasing, the quality of cultivated land is gradually decreasing and the protection of cultivated land is urgent. Therefore, the quality of cultivated land is strengthened and the quality of cultivated land is strengthened. Improving the quality of cultivated land and productivity of cultivated land has an important role in ensuring regional grain security and promoting the rapid development of modern agriculture. The basic farmland zoning construction refers to the division of cultivated land in the planned area into different land use areas according to the natural conditions and land use characteristics of cultivated land, and to different regions. On the basis of understanding the development of farmland quality evaluation, basic farmland protection and other domestic and foreign research progress and related concepts, this study is based on the theory of location and zoning, systematic theory, human land relationship theory and sustainable development theory. On the basis of the theory of externality and so on, taking the north forest area of Suihua city of Heilongjiang Province as the research area, the comprehensive quality evaluation index system of 3 aspects of soil quality, farmland infrastructure and tillage field conditions is constructed, the comprehensive quality of cultivated land is evaluated and the different types of basic farmland are divided, and the suggestions and measures for regional construction are put forward. The main contents and achievements of the study are as follows: (1) the construction of the evaluation index system of cultivated land quality. Based on the basic goal of basic farmland construction and protection, the effective soil thickness, soil organic matter content and soil quality are selected from 3 aspects of soil quality, farmland infrastructure construction and tillage field conditions. Soil pH, soil pH, terrain slope, farmland shelterbelt ratio, field road accessibility, irrigation and drainage conditions, field shape, field scale and other 10 indicators. (2) comprehensive quality evaluation and zoning of cultivated land. The comprehensive index is used to calculate the comprehensive score of cultivated land quality in the study area. The maximum value is 94.86, the lowest is 66.94, and the natural breakpoint method and GIS are used. The area of cultivated land in the whole area is divided into priority type, suitable for adjustment type, key construction type and exit type tillage area. (3) research on the construction of basic farmland zoning in different types. The priority area is the best area for the quality of cultivated land in the whole region, it is the core of the future basic farmland protection, not only the basic farmland, but also the high standard farmer. The first choice of the field construction is that the overall quality of the area suitable for entering the type tillage area is slightly inferior, but there is no big restriction factor, which can be used as the target for the basic farmland to be delimited. In the future, it can be reformed by certain basic facilities construction and ownership adjustment, and can also be used as the priority area of the basic farmland; the quality of cultivated land in the key construction type cultivated area has a certain quality. After the obstacle, it is necessary to distinguish the restrictive factors, adopt the differential land consolidation mode and the management and control means of farmland management, put forward the direction, target and time sequence of land renovation, the quality of cultivated land is poor and the limiting factors are remarkable, the area is not suitable for the basic farmland, the land ecological function is enhanced in the future, and the sustainable benefit of the regional arable land is guaranteed. In order to improve the ecological security of cultivated land in the region, the comprehensive quality of cultivated land can be promoted effectively through the construction of basic farmland in different types, and the comprehensive capacity of regional grain can be guaranteed. It provides the basis for promoting the centralized construction and protection of the basic farmland in large-scale, and promoting the process of agricultural modernization in the two plains.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.211

【参考文献】