牛粪堆肥中理化性质及酶活性动态变化特征研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 16:59

本文选题：好氧堆肥 + 原位观测　；参考：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：好氧堆肥是一种处理固体有机废弃物的经济环保的有效手段,目前得到国内外的广泛关注。一直以来国内外学者都注重对堆肥过程中复杂的物理、化学和生物学变化的研究。但是当前研究大部分是限于实验室内的模拟试验或者室外小型成堆试验,而对于有机肥生产过程中物质的变化情况研究的较少。本文以牛粪堆肥体系为观测对象,对有机肥生产过程进行原位观测,揭示在有机肥实际生产过程中的堆料理化性状的变化情况以及酶活性的动态变化,旨在为进一步优化有机肥堆肥工艺提供数据支撑。本研究的主要结果如下:在有机肥实际生产过程中,肥堆的温度呈先上升后下降的趋势,堆肥初期堆体温度均在40°C左右,高于环境温度;堆肥过程中的初始含水率在53%-64%间,三条堆之间存在差异,堆肥结束时有机肥料的含水率在20%-30%间,含水率与堆肥过程中的铵态氮含量、有机碳含量、脲酶活性以及硝酸还原酶活性之间都存在显著性相关关系;在整个堆肥过程中pH的变化不是特别明显,在7.6-8.3的范围内呈下降后上升再下降的趋势波动;在堆肥的升温期和高温期,3条堆有机碳含量是快速下降的,但是1,2,3条堆的有机碳含量分别在堆肥的第35天,第25天和第26天有一个上升过程,随着生产过程的进行,生产线上堆与堆之间的变化存在一定的差异,堆肥的后期有机碳含量在270 g/kg左右趋于稳定;堆肥过程中铵态氮的含量一直是下降的,室内模拟试验的结果是铵态氮含量有一个先上升再下降的过程,两者产生差异是因为在实际有机肥生产中前期翻堆较频繁,大量氨气挥发到空气中没有形成铵态氮;硝态氮在堆肥初期含量较低,堆肥第5天有一个上升过程,第12天便趋于平稳;堆肥过程中的脲酶活性与亚硝酸还原酶的活性呈下降趋势,脲酶活性与铵态氮含量、有机碳含量之间存在显著性相关,亚硝酸还原酶活性与含水率变化以及有机碳的变化之间也存在显著性相关;硝酸还原酶在堆肥过程中呈先上升后下降趋势。在整个堆肥过程中含水率、有机碳含量、铵态氮含量都是不断下降的,酶活性也呈下降趋势,整个堆肥过程都是一个微生物反应与物料消耗的过程,所以在堆肥前应充分考虑物料的含水率以及物料配比与堆肥周期的协调。
[Abstract]:Aerobic composting is an effective way to treat solid organic waste, which is widely concerned at home and abroad. Scholars at home and abroad have been focusing on the complex physical, chemical and biological changes in composting. However, most of the current studies are limited to laboratory simulation tests or outdoor small-scale piling tests, but less research is done on the changes of substances in the process of organic fertilizer production. In this paper, the in-situ observation of the process of organic fertilizer production was carried out with the cattle manure composting system as the observation object, to reveal the changes of the heaping characters and the dynamic changes of enzyme activity in the actual production of organic manure. The aim is to provide data support for further optimizing the composting process of organic manure. The main results of this study are as follows: during the actual production of organic fertilizer, the temperature of the compost increased first and then decreased, the initial composting temperature was about 40 掳C, which was higher than the environmental temperature, and the initial moisture content in composting process was between 53% and 64%. At the end of composting, the moisture content of organic fertilizer ranged from 20% to 30%. There was a significant correlation between moisture content and ammonium nitrogen content, organic carbon content, urease activity and nitrate reductase activity during composting. In the whole composting process, the change of pH was not especially obvious, and the content of organic carbon in the three piles of compost decreased rapidly in the range of 7.6-8.3, and then increased and then decreased in the range of 7.6-8.3, and the content of organic carbon in the three piles decreased rapidly during the heating and high temperature periods of composting. However, the organic carbon content of 1 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ 3 piles increased on the 35th day, the 25th day and the 26th day of composting respectively. With the development of the production process, there was a certain difference between the reactor and the reactor on the production line. The content of organic carbon tended to be stable at the later stage of composting, and the content of ammonium nitrogen decreased all the time during composting. The results of laboratory simulation test showed that the content of ammonium nitrogen increased first and then decreased. The difference was due to the fact that in the early period of actual organic fertilizer production, the amount of ammonia volatilized into the air and no ammonium nitrogen was formed, and the content of nitrate nitrogen was lower at the beginning of composting, and there was a rising process on the 5th day of composting. On the 12th day, urease activity and nitrite reductase activity decreased, and there was a significant correlation between urease activity and ammonium nitrogen content, organic carbon content. There was also a significant correlation between nitrite reductase activity and the change of water content and organic carbon, and nitrate reductase increased first and then decreased during composting. In the whole composting process, the moisture content, organic carbon content, ammonium nitrogen content are all decreasing, and the enzyme activity is also decreasing. The whole composting process is a process of microbial reaction and material consumption. Therefore, the moisture content of materials and the coordination of composting cycle should be considered before composting.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4

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