长期不同施肥下小麦离子吸收对土壤酸化贡献能力的比较

发布时间：2018-06-11 22:58

本文选题：土壤酸化 + 长期施肥　；参考：《土壤》2017年01期

【摘要】：农业生产中长期不合理施肥导致土壤严重酸化,除了硝化作用和硝酸盐淋溶,作物对阳离子吸收是另一个重要的土壤酸度来源。本研究基于湖南祁阳红壤实验站农田25年长期定位试验研究了长期不同施肥下小麦阴阳离子吸收对土壤酸化贡献能力的变化。结果表明:长期施用化学氮肥显著降低土壤pH,影响小麦生物量,而施用有机肥可缓解土壤酸化,提高小麦生物量;单位面积土壤中小麦吸收阴阳离子对酸化的潜在贡献能力,即小麦产生的总质子量的大小顺序为:有机肥处理(M)氮磷钾配施有机肥处理(NPKM)磷钾肥处理(PK)氮磷钾肥处理(NPK)不施肥处理(CK)氮磷肥处理(NP)氮钾肥处理(NK)。相关性分析显示,小麦产生的总质子量与土壤pH、有效磷含量和地上部总生物量均呈显著正相关,而土壤pH和有效磷含量均与小麦地上部生物量呈显著正相关。因此,长期施肥的农田土壤中,随着酸化程度的加深,作物通过阴阳离子吸收对土壤酸化的贡献能力减弱,主要原因在于低土壤pH和有效磷含量限制了作物的生长,降低了作物的生物量。
[Abstract]:Soil acidification is caused by long-term unreasonable fertilization in agricultural production. In addition to nitrification and nitrate leaching, cationic uptake by crops is another important source of soil acidity. In this study, the effects of long-term fertilization on the soil acidification contribution of wheat under different fertilization conditions were studied based on a 25 years long term field localization experiment at Qiyang Red soil Experimental Station in Hunan Province. The results showed that long-term application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced soil pH and affected wheat biomass, while organic fertilizer could alleviate soil acidification and increase wheat biomass, and wheat uptake of cationic and cationic ions in soil per unit area had the potential contribution to acidification. That is to say, the order of the total proton production of wheat was: organic fertilizer treatment (M), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined with organic fertilizer treatment (NPKM), phosphate and potassium fertilizer treatment (PKK), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer treatment, and no fertilizer application treatment (CK) nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatment, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer treatment, and nitrogen and potassium fertilizer treatment. Correlation analysis showed that the total proton production of wheat was positively correlated with soil pH, available phosphorus content and total aboveground biomass, while soil pH and available phosphorus content were significantly positively correlated with wheat aboveground biomass. Therefore, with the deepening of acidification, the contribution of crops to soil acidification by absorption of cationic and anion is weakened, which is mainly due to the low soil pH and available phosphorus content, which limits the growth of crops. The biomass of crops is reduced.
【作者单位】：土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所);中国科学院大学;中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站祁阳农田生态系统国家野外试验站;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2014CB441000) 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB15030300)资助
【分类号】：S512.1;S156.6

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