盛花期渍水对芝麻生长影响的定量化研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 22:51

本文选题：芝麻 + 盛花期渍水　；参考：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：渍害是影响芝麻生产的主要逆境因素,常导致产量下降甚至绝收。盛花期是芝麻对渍害最为敏感的时期,因此定量化研究盛花期渍水条件下芝麻的生长发育、同化物积累与分配,可以为芝麻生产力预测、渍害评估、渍害预警等提供依据,也可为建立渍害条件下芝麻生长模型奠定基础。本研究采用盆栽试验的方法,以两个耐渍性不同的芝麻品种(耐渍型品种中芝13与不耐渍型品种郑芝13)为材料,在盛花期设置渍水Oh、24h、36h、48h和60h五个处理,研究了不同渍水条件下芝麻株高、叶龄、叶面积指数和干物质积累与分配的动态特征并进行定量化分析。研究结果如下:1.芝麻相对株高、叶龄、干物质积累量与苗后相对天数的关系均符合Logistic曲线变化规律,且拟合结果均达到显著水平。通过对Logistic方程参数及次级参数的分析可知,盛花期渍水快株高增长速率,但随着渍水持续时间增长,增长速率增加幅度逐渐减小,两品种渍水24h处理与对照相比株高显著升高,渍水达36h后株高与对照差异不显著;渍水降低了叶龄增长速率,并随处理时间增长,下降幅度增大。渍水降低了芝麻干物质积累速率,并且随着渍水持续时间增长降低幅度增大,中芝13渍水达到36h后,郑芝13渍水达到24h后,干物重均较对照显著降低。2.芝麻相对LAI与相对苗后天数的关系可用Gauss方程进行拟合,拟合决定系数均在0.89以上。通过分析拟合参数可知,两品种渍水处理LAI最大值均较对照显著降低,达到最大值时间显著提前。3.芝麻相对叶分配指数与苗后相对天数的关系可用二次多项式进行曲线拟合,相对蒴果分配指数与花后相对天数的关系可用Logistic曲线拟合,拟合结果均达到显著性水平。渍水对芝麻叶分配指数的拟合参数没有显著影响,但蒴果分配指数的拟合参数k随着渍水时间增长逐渐降低,其中郑芝13渍水达48h后降低极显著。说明渍水降低蒴果分配指数,但对叶的分配指数影响不显著。综上所述:芝麻株高、叶龄、干物质积累量与苗后天数的关系、蒴果分配指数与花后天数的关系均可用Logistic曲线拟合;LAI与苗后天数的关系可用Gauss曲线拟合;叶分配指数与苗后天数的关系可用二次多项式进行曲线拟合。盛花期渍水加快株高增长速率,降低了叶龄增长速率,使芝麻LAI达到最大值的时间提前,最大值降低;渍水降低了芝麻干物质积累速率,增大了茎分配指数,降低蒴果分配指数。
[Abstract]:Waterlogging is the main adverse factor affecting the production of sesame, which often leads to the decline of yield and even the end of harvest. The full flowering stage is the most sensitive period for sesame seeds to waterlogging. Therefore, the quantitative study on the growth and development of sesame seeds, the accumulation and distribution of assimilates under waterlogging conditions can provide the basis for the prediction of sesame productivity, the assessment of waterlogging damage, the early warning of waterlogging damage, and so on. It can also lay a foundation for establishing the growth model of sesame under the condition of waterlogging. In this study, two sesame varieties with different resistance to waterlogging (Zhongzhi 13 and Zheng Zhi 13) were used as materials in pot experiment. The dynamic characteristics of plant height, leaf age, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation and distribution under different waterlogging conditions were studied and analyzed quantitatively. The results are as follows: 1. The relationship between the relative plant height, leaf age, dry matter accumulation and relative days after seedling was in accordance with the Logistic curve, and the fitting results were all significant. Through the analysis of the parameters of Logistic equation and secondary parameters, it can be seen that the growth rate of rapid plant height in waterlogging in the peak flowering period is increasing, but with the increase of waterlogging duration, the increasing range of the growth rate gradually decreases, and the plant height of the two varieties increased significantly compared with the control in 24h waterlogging treatment. There was no significant difference between the plant height and the control after waterlogging for 36 h, but waterlogging decreased the growth rate of leaf age, and increased with the treatment time. Waterlogging decreased dry matter accumulation rate of sesame seeds, and increased with the increase of waterlogging duration. After waterlogging of Zhongzhi 13 reached 36 hours, Zheng Zhi 13 waterlogging reached 24 hours, dry matter weight decreased significantly compared with control. The relationship between relative Lai and relative days after seedling can be fitted by Gauss equation, and the determining coefficients of fitting are above 0.89. According to the analysis of fitting parameters, the maximum value of Lai in waterlogging treatment of the two varieties was significantly lower than that of the control, and the time of reaching the maximum value was significantly earlier than that of the control. The relationship between the relative leaf distribution index of sesame seeds and the relative days after seedling can be fitted by quadratic polynomial, and the relationship between the distribution index of capsule and the relative days after anthesis can be fitted by Logistic curve. Waterlogging had no significant effect on the fitting parameters of sesame leaf distribution index, but the fitting parameter k of capsule distribution index decreased gradually with the increase of waterlogging time, and Zheng Zhi 13 decreased significantly after 48 hours of waterlogging. The results showed that waterlogging decreased the distribution index of capsule, but had no significant effect on the distribution index of leaves. To sum up: the relationship between plant height, leaf age, dry matter accumulation and days after seedling, and the relationship between capsule distribution index and days after anthesis can be fitted by Logistic curve fitting the relationship between Lai and days after seedling can be fitted by Gauss curve. The relationship between leaf distribution index and days after seedling can be fitted by quadratic polynomial. Waterlogging accelerated the growth rate of plant height, decreased the growth rate of leaf age, advanced the time of reaching the maximum value of Lai, decreased the maximum value, decreased the dry matter accumulation rate and increased the stem distribution index of Sesame. Reduce the capsule distribution index.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S565.3;S422

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