脲甲醛缓释肥的制备及其肥料效应研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 17:13

  本文选题：脲甲醛缓释肥 + 夏玉米　； 参考：《中国农业科学院》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：探究不同组分的脲甲醛缓释肥在夏玉米上的肥料效应,为制备夏玉米一次性专用肥提供理论依据。本文设计进行脲甲醛制备试验、性质分析试验、田间肥效试验、配比试验、用量试验等多个试验。田间试验以“郑单958号”夏玉米为供试材料,2014-2015连续两年研究不同处理对夏玉米产量、氮肥利用率、地上部氮素积累量、土壤无机态氮含量的影响,最终筛选出符合夏玉米生长规律的专用脲甲醛缓释肥。主要结论如下:1、脲甲醛生成的主要影响因素有尿素-甲醛摩尔比值(U/F)、温度、p H、时间等两阶段七种因素。对活性指数活性指数(AI)及冷水不溶氮(CWIN)、热水不溶氮(HWIN)影响最关键的是尿素-甲醛的摩尔比值(U/F)。对CWIN的主要影响,发生在亚甲基化反应阶段,而对HWIN影响最关键的因素,为第一阶段温度及第二阶段温度、pH2。2、脲甲醛缓释肥(UF)作玉米一次性专用肥增产效果显著,UFⅠ、UFⅡ、UFⅢ肥料处理较空白处理(CK)两年中平均增产25.96%、27.26%、24.13%。较常规施肥(CF)两年中平均增产6.53%、7.63%和4.98%。三种脲甲醛均有增产效果,但以UFⅡ产量最高,增产效果最佳。3、尿素与脲甲醛配施,配施比例以60%:40%为宜。在试验设定条件下,60%:40%配比的UFⅠ、UFⅡ、UFⅢ处理产量等指标均优于50%:50%配比的PUFⅠ、P UFⅡ、P UFⅢ。其中UFⅠ与PUFⅠ相比,产量波动较小,未到达显著性差异,产量较稳定;UFⅡ较PUFⅡ增产8.5%,效果最显著;而PUFⅢ较UFⅢ作物地上部氮素积累量显著降低,产量降低。4、氮肥用量试验中,推荐施肥量处理(UF)的产量及氮肥利用率要优于减氮处理(RUF)。其中RUFⅠ产量为10038.9 kg/hm2,UFⅠ较其高出7.2%并达到显著性差异。但脲甲醛Ⅱ、Ⅲ肥料减氮后产量变化不显著,尤其肥料Ⅲ产量及地上部氮素积累量均无显著性差异,基本可以保证稳产。对于同一种脲甲醛缓释肥减氮后氮肥利用率降低,氮肥偏生产力提高。5、筛选出T3条件下生成的脲甲醛与尿素配施后所得到的缓释肥UFⅡ,作玉米专用缓释肥效果最好,其养分释放规律能满足玉米整个生育期对养分的需求。在减氮20%条件下,UFⅡ依然有良好表现,是作夏玉米专用肥最佳选择。缓释肥UFⅠ效果仅次于UFⅡ,在减少脲甲醛比例条件下,UFⅠ能够基本保证稳产,也是作夏玉米专用肥的另一优良选择。缓释肥UFⅢ效果不及UFⅠ、UFⅡ,但其在减氮20%条件下,表现良好,基本保证稳产,也有一定的研究价值。
[Abstract]:In order to provide theoretical basis for the preparation of special fertilizer for summer corn, the effect of urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer with different components on summer corn was studied. Urea-formaldehyde preparation test, property analysis test, field fertilizer efficiency test, ratio test, dosage test and so on were designed in this paper. The effects of different treatments on yield, nitrogen use efficiency, aboveground nitrogen accumulation and inorganic nitrogen content of summer maize were studied in the field experiment with "Zhengdan 958" summer maize for two consecutive years in 2014-2015. Finally, a special urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer suitable for summer maize growth was selected. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the main factors influencing the formation of UF are urea / formaldehyde molar ratio (U / F), temperature / H, time and so on. The most important effect on the activity index (AII), cold water insoluble nitrogen (CWINN) and hot water insoluble nitrogen (HWIN) is the molar ratio of urea to formaldehyde (U / F). The main effect on CWIN occurs at the stage of methylene reaction, and the most important factor affecting HWIN, For the temperature of the first stage and the temperature of the second stage (pH = 2.2), UF (UF) as a special fertilizer for maize could increase the yield significantly. Compared with the blank treatment, UF 鈪，

本文编号：2014759