添加不同量稻草对猪粪高温堆肥理化参数及微生物群落的影响

发布时间：2018-06-14 12:40

本文选题：理化参数 + 微生物群落　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以猪粪添加不同量稻草下的猪粪堆肥理化指标及微生物群落的变化情况为研究对象,采用宏基因组学研究方法及最新的Miseq 16S rDNA高通量测序技术,结合数据分析了猪粪堆肥过程中理化参数的变化及其对微生物群落的影响。试验处理分别为：添加低量稻草调节C/N为15,添加高量稻草调节C/N为20和纯猪粪处理C/N为11.44。得到的主要研究结果如下：(1)在33d的堆肥过程中,添加高量稻草的处理能加快猪粪堆肥的腐熟速度。堆肥结束时,纯猪粪处理的水分散失较大,各处理的pH值、EC和E4/E6值均符合堆肥腐熟的标准；而C/N和T值结果表明添加高量稻草处理的腐熟效果较好,且有利于猪粪堆肥的快速腐熟：各处理堆肥能够提高堆肥产品中的全磷含量；堆体内纤维素、半纤维素有不同程度的降解,其中纯猪粪堆肥的降解率最高,但木质素均较难降解。(2)通过高通量测序对猪粪堆肥不同阶段的样品进行检测,结果共获得18203个阅读子(Reads),81%以上的测序深度表明各样品高通量测序获得的序列可以很好地反映本试验堆肥样品中微生物菌群的真实情况。Alpha多样性分析表明了添加高量稻草的猪粪堆肥处理相对于纯猪粪堆肥处理,显著增加了微生物群落的丰富度和多样性。在堆肥的升温和高温期,各处理微生物群落的丰富和多样性指数最高,其香农指数(Shannon index)、覆盖度评估指数(ACE index)和超指数(Chao 1 index)最高,分别为低量稻草：6.25、14715.38和8460.76,高量稻草：6.67、14727.18和8730.85,大小顺序均为高量稻草低量稻草纯猪粪。基于门水平的群落结构分析表明随着堆肥过程的进行,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)在整个堆肥试验过程中始终占优势(23-92%),其次为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,4-38%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,2-20%),此外,其内存在大量未被认知的细菌(unclassified,0.2-10%)。属结合门水平上的多样品物种分析,结果表明不同稻草添加量的堆体中,细菌群落的种类有不同,在堆肥不同阶段,也有所不同。(3)本研究发现猪粪堆肥堆体内的微生物群落较复杂。在堆肥过程中,同一处理的样品微生物群落聚于同一类,差异较小；不同的处理改变对微生物群落有重要影响,个别样品之间有分异。猪粪堆肥过程中温度与测序覆盖率呈显著负相关；含水率同香农指数呈显著正相关；堆肥过程中物质的变化也对微生物群落的丰富度和多样性有显著影响。
[Abstract]:In this paper , the physical and chemical indexes of pig manure compost under different amounts of rice straw and the change of microbial community were studied by using macro gene group method and the latest Miseq 16S rDNA high flux sequencing technology . The main research results were as follows : ( 1 ) The addition of low amount of straw to adjust C / N was 15 , and high amount of rice straw was added to adjust C / N ratio of 20 and pure pig manure . The results were as follows : ( 1 ) The water loss of pure pig manure was larger when compost was finished . The pH value , EC and E4 / E6 values of each treatment met the standard of composting .
The results of C / N and T showed that the treated compost could increase the total phosphorus content in compost products .
The results showed that the results showed that the microbial community was more complex in compost . The results showed that the microbial community in the compost heap was more complex than that of pure pig manure .
There was a significant negative correlation between temperature and sequencing coverage during composting of pig manure .
The water content was positively correlated with Shannon index .
The changes of matter during composting also have significant impact on the richness and diversity of microbial communities .
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4

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