生物炭连续四年还田对小麦产量和土壤固碳减排的中长期效应

发布时间：2018-06-14 22:52

本文选题：生物炭 + 小麦　；参考：《淮北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：生物炭还田被认为是改善土壤理化性质、提高作物产量和实现固碳减排的有效措施。前人研究多针对生物炭大剂量一次还田的短期效应，而对于生物炭低剂量累积长效应却鲜见报道，尤其是生物炭和氮肥在土壤中交互作用以及生物炭还田后的经济效益不甚明了。本研究是基于生物炭连续多年还田而设置的田间实验，共分两个实验。一是在四个生物炭添加剂量：0,2.4,6,12t ha-1yr-1（B0,B1,B2,B3）基础上，探讨多年后（第四年）土壤性质、小麦生长和土壤N2O排放的响应。结果表明，随着生物炭用量的增加，土壤容重随之降低，土壤孔隙度、含水量、pH、全碳、全氮随之升高；生物炭对土壤日温差有降低，，而对土壤日平均温度无显著影响；生物炭增加了小麦出芽率、株高、叶面积指数、单位面积穗数、产量以及茎秆生物量，但对叶龄、千粒重、每穗粒数没有显著影响；三种生物炭用量（2.4,6,12t ha-1yr-1）对产量的增幅分别为：15%,24%,22%；麦季土壤N2O排放总量在生物炭处理下无显著变化。第二个实验是在不同氮肥水平下（0,90,135,180kg ha-1,后面用0N,1/2N,3/4N, N表示）添加生物炭（6t/ha）或者不加生物炭对土壤理化性质、作物产量、N2O排放及生态经济效益的影响。研究结果表明，随着氮肥用量的增加，生物炭还田具有促进小麦产量提升、减少N2O排放的趋势，特别是在180kg ha-1氮肥施用情况下，添加生物炭（6t ha-1yr-1）显著提高了小麦出牙率、茎蘖数、叶面积指数、株高、产量。经过生态经济效益分析，生物炭（6t ha-1yr-1）还田在氮肥施用量为普通施用量的3/4（即135kg ha-1）时取得最大收益。综上初步研究结果表明，在农业实际生产中，生物炭的低剂量连续还田模式，在保证粮食产量稳定性前提下，对提高作物产量和实现固碳减排具有一定的可行性和长效性。
[Abstract]:Biochar is considered to be an effective measure to improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase crop yield and achieve carbon sequestration reduction. Previous studies have mostly focused on the short-term effects of large doses of biochar returning to the field at one time, but few reports have been made on the cumulative long-term effects of low doses of biochar. In particular, the interaction of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer in soil and the economic benefits of biochar returning to the field are not very clear. This study is based on the biological carbon returned to the field for many years and set up a field experiment, a total of two experiments. The first is based on four biological carbon additives: 1: 0 2. 4 / 6 / 12 t ha-1yr-1yr-1yr-1yr-1yr-1B0B0B1B2B3). The responses of soil properties, wheat growth and soil N2O emissions after many years (the fourth year) were discussed. The results showed that soil bulk density decreased, soil porosity, water content, pH, total carbon and nitrogen increased with the increase of biochar amount, and biochar decreased soil daily temperature difference, but had no significant effect on soil daily average temperature. Biochar increased wheat sprout rate, plant height, leaf area index, panicle number per unit area, yield and stem biomass, but had no significant effect on leaf age, 1000-grain weight and grain number per panicle. The yield of three kinds of biochar was increased by 2.4t / 12t ha-1yr-1), respectively. The total amount of N2O emission from soil in wheat season had no significant change under biochar treatment. The second experiment was to study the effects of different nitrogen levels on soil physical and chemical properties, crop yield, N 2O emission and ecological and economic benefits by adding biochar (6 t / ha) or without biochar (0 Nu 1 / 2 N / 3% 4 N, N) at different nitrogen levels. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate, biochar returning to the field could promote wheat yield increase and reduce N2O emission, especially under the condition of 180kg ha-1 nitrogen application, adding biochar 6t ha-1yr-1) significantly increased wheat tooth yield. Number of tillers, leaf area index, plant height and yield. According to the analysis of eco-economic benefit, the return of biochar (6t ha-1yr-1) to the field obtained the maximum return when the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 3 / 4 of the ordinary application rate (that is, 135kg ha-1). The preliminary results show that the low dose continuous return model of biochar has certain feasibility and long-term effect on increasing crop yield and realizing carbon sequestration emission reduction under the premise of ensuring the stability of grain yield in the actual agricultural production.
【学位授予单位】：淮北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S512.1;S154.1

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