红壤调理剂的改土培肥及作物增产研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 00:18

本文选题：红壤 + 调理剂　；参考：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年05期

【摘要】：在南方红壤地区,土壤酸化加剧、养分贫瘠化严重,研发红壤改良的技术和物化产品,对作物均衡增产和红壤可持续利用有重要意义。红壤旱地连续3年定位种植油菜-花生,花生品种为赣花5号,油菜品种为丰油730。调理剂为自行研制的专利产品,已经实现了产业化。研究了红壤调理剂对土壤微结构、物理性状、养分和pH值的影响,并对花生、油菜的产量进行了分析。结果表明:1)施用调理剂后,从微观结构来看,红壤的致密性降低、孔隙度增加,土壤颗粒直径4μm;2)施用调理剂的土壤容重显著降低,孔隙度增加到59%以上,大颗粒水稳性团聚体(0.25 mm)含量增加幅度为1.6%~14.0%,分形维数显著降低,并且与0.25mm粒径的团粒结构含量间呈极显著线性相关;3)施用调理剂的土壤电导率、有机碳、矿质态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均提高,提高幅度在4.3%~143.7%之间;4)施用调理剂还降低了红壤的酸性,pH值从对照处理的5.28提高到5.82,差异显著;5)施用调理剂,花生和油菜增产幅度分别在13.1%~24.8%、10.3%~21.6%之间;6)应用笔者研制的红壤调理剂,可有效改善红壤旱地的理化性质,提高油菜和花生产量,其用量在2 250~3 000 kg/hm~2时较佳。
[Abstract]:In the red soil region of southern China, soil acidification is intensified, and nutrient depletion is serious. It is of great significance to develop techniques and physical and chemical products for the improvement of red soil, which is of great significance for the balanced increase of crop yield and the sustainable utilization of red soil. Rapeseed-peanut was planted in red soil upland for 3 years. The peanut variety was Ganhua 5 and the rape variety was Fengyou 730. Conditioning agent for self-developed patent products, has achieved industrialization. The effects of soil conditioning agents on soil microstructure, physical properties, nutrients and pH value were studied, and the yield of peanut and rape were analyzed. The results showed that the densification of red soil decreased, the porosity increased, and the soil particle diameter increased 4 渭 m ~ (2) the bulk density of the treated soil decreased significantly, and the porosity increased to more than 59%. The soil conductivity, organic carbon, mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus were significantly correlated with the particle structure content of 0.25mm, and the fractal dimension was significantly decreased, and the soil electrical conductivity, organic carbon, mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus were significantly correlated with the content of granular structure of 0.25mm particle size, and the soil electrical conductivity, organic carbon, mineral nitrogen and available phosphorus were increased by 0.25mm). The content of available potassium was increased, the range was between 4.3% and 143.7%, and the pH value of acidic soil increased from 5.28 to 5.82, the difference was significant (5). The yield of peanut and rapeseed were increased by 13.1wt% and 10.3%, respectively. The application of the red soil conditioner developed by the author could effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of red soil dryland and increase the yield of rape and peanut. The best dosage was 2 250m 3 000 kg 路hm ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1).
【作者单位】：江西省农业科学院国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD41B01) 国家自然科学基金(31101603) 江西省学科带头人培养计划赣鄱555工程人选资助项目
【分类号】：S156.2

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