藻菌固定及其净化水产养殖废水的效果研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 12:43

  本文选题：蛋白核小球藻 + 光合细菌　； 参考：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水产养殖废水会对水产养殖及周边自然水体造成破坏,甚至威胁自然生态系统和人类健康。随着水产养殖的快速发展,水产养殖废水净化处理技术已成为水生生物学领域研究的热点。本论文以水产养殖废水作为研究对象,选择可去除氮磷的蛋白核小球藻和光合细菌为实验材料,通过对蛋白核小球藻进行培养和驯化,对光合细菌进行活化培养,研究分析了藻菌的生长特性、固定化微生物技术、藻菌固化条件优化等内容,在此基础上开展了固定化藻菌细胞球粒去除养殖废水中氮磷的实验。为藻菌互利共生净化水产养殖废水及水域生态修复提供了参考。主要研究结论如下:1、培养、驯化了蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)藻种,通过对其生长测定分析发现,蛋白核小球藻具有较强的耐污、去除能力,稳定期的藻液为10-15 d。通过活化、培养光合细菌(Photosynthetic Bacteria,简称PSB)菌种,观察和测定了其生长特征,发现光合细菌易培养且生长良好。2、选择海藻酸钠作为蛋白核小球藻和光合细菌的载体材料,以PO_4~(3-)-P、NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N的去除率为参考指标,通过正交实验分析确定了固定藻菌球粒的最优实验方案为:交联时间为24 h,海藻酸钠体积分数为2%,氯化钙体积分数为6%。通过蛋白核小球藻和光合细菌之间的不同体积比对PO_4~(3-)-P、NH~+_4-N和NO_2~--N的去除率比较研究,确定了最佳藻菌体积比为2:1。在上述条件下,制备的固定化藻菌细胞球粒半径约为r=2 mm,球粒的密度ρ约为1 g cm~(-3)。3、比较分析了固定化藻菌细胞球粒和等量的游离态藻菌对TN和TP的去除效果。发现固定化藻菌细胞球粒对TP和TN的去除率分别提高了21%和13%,表明固定化藻菌细胞球粒对氮磷的去除效果优于游离态藻菌。4、研究了不同温度、光暗比对微藻和细菌的生长及氮磷去除效果,实验表明,温度和光暗比对氮磷的去除均有一定的作用。其中:在不同温度(20、24、28℃)条件下,蛋白核小球藻和光合细菌在p H初始值为7.0,光强于3000 Lx左右,光暗比为12:12环境中生长良好,其24℃时培养8 d后,固定化藻菌细胞球粒对PO_4~(3-)-P和NH~+_4-N的去除率最高,分别达到84%和95%。在不同光暗比(持续黑暗、持续光照、光暗比12:12)条件下,蛋白核小球藻和光合细菌在p H初始值为7.0,光强于3000 Lx左右,温度25士1℃环境中生长良好,其光暗比为12:12时培养8 d后,固定化藻菌细胞球粒对PO_4~(3-)-P和NH~+_4-N的去除率分别为88%和90%。5、研究分析了固定化藻菌细胞球粒不同投加量对水产养殖废水中p H值、DO和COD、PO_4~(3-)-P、NH~+_4-N和NO_2~--N等各水质指标的净化效果,发现确定固定化藻菌细胞球粒最佳投加量为160-200粒/L。6、对固定化藻菌细胞球粒内部蛋白核小球藻和光合细菌的相互关系实验研究表明,藻、菌具有一定的互利共生关系,利用藻菌互利共生关系固定藻菌用于水产养殖废水处理具有良好的经济性和应用前景。
[Abstract]:Aquaculture wastewater will damage aquaculture and surrounding natural water, and even threaten the natural ecosystem and human health. With the rapid development of aquaculture, purification and treatment of aquaculture wastewater has become a hotspot in aquatic biology. In this paper, aquiculture wastewater was used as the research object. Chlorella Proteinuclear Chlorella and photosynthetic bacteria, which could remove nitrogen and phosphorus, were selected as experimental materials, and the photosynthetic bacteria were cultured by culture and acclimation of Chlorella Proteinuclear Chlorella. The growth characteristics, immobilized microorganism technology and optimization of solidification conditions of algal bacteria were studied and analyzed. On the basis of this, the experiments of removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from culture wastewater by immobilized algal bacteria were carried out. It provides a reference for the purification of aquiculture wastewater and the ecological restoration of water area by symbiotic algal bacteria. The main conclusions were as follows: 1. Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) was cultivated and domesticated. The results of growth analysis showed that Chlorella pyrenoidosa had a strong ability of anti-fouling and removal, and the stable phase of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was 10-15 days. The photosynthetic bacteria Photosynthetic Bacteria (PSB) was cultured by activation. The growth characteristics of PSBs were observed and determined. It was found that photosynthetic bacteria were easy to grow and grew well. Sodium alginate was selected as the carrier material of Chlorella proteoglycosus and photosynthetic bacteria. Based on the removal rates of PO4 ~ -N and no _ 2 N, the optimal experimental scheme for fixing algae spheroids was determined by orthogonal experiment: the crosslinking time was 24 hours, the volume fraction of sodium alginate was 2, and the volume fraction of calcium chloride was 6 batches. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: the cross-linking time was 24 h, the volume fraction of sodium alginate was 2%, and the volume fraction of calcium chloride was 6 batches. Based on the comparison of the removal rates of PO4H4 and NO2 N by different volume ratios between Chlorella Proteinuca and photosynthetic bacteria, the optimum volume ratio of algae bacteria was determined to be 2: 1. Under the above conditions, the spherical radius of the immobilized algaea cells was about 2 mm and the density 蟻 of the spheres was about 1 g / cm ~ (-1) ~ (-3). The removal efficiency of TN and TP by the immobilized alga cells was compared with that of the same amount of free algae bacteria. It was found that the removal rates of TP and TN were increased by 21% and 13%, respectively, which indicated that the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus was better than that of free algal bacteria. The effects of light to dark ratio on the growth of microalgae and bacteria and the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus were studied. The results showed that the temperature and the ratio of light and dark had certain effects on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Under different temperatures, the initial pH value of Chlorella Proteinuca and photosynthetic bacteria was 7.0, the light intensity was about 3000 LX, and the ratio of light to dark was 12:12, and it grew well at 24 鈩，

本文编号：2022049