胶州湾滨海湿地土壤有机质及其三维荧光特性

发布时间：2018-06-15 20:47

本文选题：滨海湿地 + 土壤有机质　；参考：《青岛大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文以胶州湾滨海湿地为研究对象,选取芦苇、碱蓬、光滩及大米草4种典型的滨海湿地,分季节、分层次采集土壤样品,测定土壤有机质(SOM)含量,分析SOM的时空分布;同时测定土壤溶解性有机质(DOM)含量,分析DOM三维荧光光谱特征,探究DOM的结构特征及来源情况,以期了解有机质在胶州湾滨海湿地土壤中的分布、组分来源及迁移转化等,为进一步揭示有机质在胶州湾湿地的环境行为提供基础资料。主要的研究结论如下:(1)胶州湾滨海湿地SOM的时空分布特征。垂直方向上,除光滩湿地沿剖面呈先减小后稍有上升的趋势外,其他湿地均随土壤深度的增加而减小;水平方向上,湿地SOM含量表现为大米草湿地光滩湿地碱蓬湿地芦苇湿地;季节上,湿地SOM含量表现为春季夏季秋季冬季。水文、植被、人类活动等是影响SOM空间分布的重要因素。SOM含量与土壤含盐量、含水率、TN及C/N呈正相关,与土壤容重、pH值呈负相关。土壤中各环境因子之间相互影响,并共同对湿地SOM的累积产生影响。(2)胶州湾滨海湿地SOM的储量特征。不同类型湿地土壤剖面有机质密度表现为光滩湿地芦苇湿地碱蓬湿地。湿地类型对SOM含量和有机质密度分布的影响存在一定差异,主要与不同类型湿地土壤容重、地形地貌、温度、水文环境有关。因储碳层厚度及储碳层内有机质密度的差异,光滩湿地单位面积有机质储量明显高于碱蓬和芦苇湿地,具有较大的储碳潜能,对研究区滨海湿地起到一定的碳汇作用。(3)胶州湾滨海湿地土壤DOM的空间分布特征。垂直剖面上,胶州湾4种湿地类型DOM含量随土层深度增加均呈减少的趋势。水平方向上,表现为大米草湿地光滩碱蓬湿地芦苇湿地,说明大米草湿地SOM库不稳定,不利于有机质的累积。(4)胶州湾滨海湿地土壤DOM的荧光特性。胶州湾湿地土壤DOM的三维荧光光谱(3DEEMs)中出现了B、T、A、D和C5种荧光峰,分别代表类酪氨酸、类色氨酸、类富里酸、类可溶性微生物副产物和类腐殖酸5种组分。利用荧光区域积分(FRI)法对5种组分进行定量分析表明,类色氨酸、类富里酸和类酪氨酸在DOM各组分含量中居前三位,类可溶性微生物副产物和类腐殖酸的含量次之,二者含量差异不显著。DOM五大组分相互之间均呈显著正相关,与DOC含量呈显著正相关,与总磷、有效磷、总氮有不同程度的相关性。胶州湾4种湿地类型土壤DOM主要由生物相互作用的内源产生,且腐殖化程度较低。
[Abstract]:In this paper, four typical coastal wetlands, Reed, Suaeda salsa, Guang Tan and Rice Grass, were selected as the research object. Soil samples were collected in different seasons, the content of soil organic matter (SOM) was measured, and the spatial and temporal distribution of SOM was analyzed. At the same time, the content of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil was determined, and the three dimensional fluorescence spectrum of Dom was analyzed, and the structure and source of Dom were explored, in order to understand the distribution, component source, migration and transformation of organic matter in the coastal wetland soil of Jiaozhou Bay, etc. It provides basic data for revealing the environmental behavior of organic matter in Jiaozhou Bay wetland. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) temporal and spatial distribution of SOM in coastal wetland of Jiaozhou Bay. In the vertical direction, except for the trend of first decreasing and then slightly increasing along the section, the other wetlands all decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the content of SOM wetland in horizontal direction was the Reed wetland of Suaeda marsh in Guangtan wetland of rice grass wetland. In season, SOM content in wetland is spring, summer, autumn and winter. Hydrology, vegetation and human activities are important factors affecting SOM spatial distribution. SOM content is positively correlated with soil salinity, water content, TN and C / N, and negatively correlated with soil bulk density and pH value. The soil environmental factors affect each other and affect the accumulation of SOM in wetland. 2) the reserve characteristics of SOM in coastal wetland of Jiaozhou Bay. The density of organic matter in soil profile of different types of wetland is that of Suaeda salsa wetland in Guangtan wetland. The effects of wetland types on SOM content and organic matter density distribution were different, which were mainly related to soil bulk density, topography, temperature and hydrological environment of different types of wetlands. Because of the difference of the thickness of carbon storage layer and the density of organic matter in carbon storage layer, the storage of organic matter per unit area of Guangtan wetland is obviously higher than that of Suaeda salsa and Reed wetland. The spatial distribution of Dom in the coastal wetland soil of Jiaozhou Bay was studied. In the vertical section, the Dom content of the four wetland types in Jiaozhou Bay decreased with the increase of soil depth. In the horizontal direction, it is shown that the Reed wetland in the Guangtan wetland of rice grass wetland, indicating that SOM pool of rice grass wetland is unstable, is not conducive to the accumulation of organic matter. 4) the fluorescence characteristics of Dom in coastal wetland soil of Jiaozhou Bay are not conducive to the accumulation of organic matter. Three dimensional fluorescence spectra of Dom in Jiaozhou Bay wetland soil (3DEEMs) showed five kinds of fluorescence peaks, such as tyrosine, tryptophan, fulvic acid, soluble microbial by-products and humic acid, respectively. The quantitative analysis of five components by fluorescence region integration (FRI) method showed that tryptophan, fulvic acid and tyrosine were the top three components in Dom, followed by soluble microbial by-products and humic acid. There was significant positive correlation between the five components of Dom, DOC, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and total nitrogen. The Dom of the four wetland types in Jiaozhou Bay is mainly produced by the internal source of biological interaction, and the humification degree is relatively low.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S153.6

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