秸秆配施氮肥还田对水稻土酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-06-16 02:11

本文选题：水稻土 + 秸秆还田时间　；参考：《土壤》2017年01期

【摘要】：通过田间试验研究秸秆还田时间及配施氮肥比例对水稻土酶活性的影响,以期为培育水稻土肥力和稳定稻田生态系统功能提供理论依据。试验设置2个秸秆还田时间(WS,冬季还田;SS,春季还田)和4个氮肥配施量(N0,秸秆还田,试验期内全程不添加矿质氮;NB,常规施肥,还田时不添加矿质氮;N30B,秸秆还田时添加早稻基肥用量的30%矿质氮;N60B,秸秆还田时添加早稻基肥用量的60%矿质氮)。研究结果表明:1冬季秸秆翻耕还田能增加冬闲期6种与土壤碳周转相关酶(β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-纤维二糖苷酶、β-木糖苷酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶和蔗糖酶)的活性,冬闲期冬季秸秆还田条件下土壤酶活性均高于春季还田,生育期内冬季秸秆翻耕还田措施对土壤β-葡糖苷酶和过氧化物酶有增加作用;2秸秆还田并配施氮肥措施显著地增加冬闲期和生育期β-纤维二糖苷酶的活性,但配施氮肥的3个比例间土壤酶活性并无显著差异;3除多酚氧化酶外,其他5种酶均与其有机碳投入量呈显著正相关。因此,冬季秸秆还田及配施氮肥能在一定程度上调控与碳周转相关的土壤酶活性,对推广冬闲期秸秆翻耕还田及保障作物的产量具有重要的生态学意义。
[Abstract]:The effects of straw returning time and the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer applied on the enzyme activity of paddy soil were studied by field experiment in order to provide theoretical basis for cultivating paddy soil fertility and stabilizing the function of paddy ecosystem. Two straw returning time (WSs), winter field returning SS( spring returning field) and four nitrogen fertilizer combined with N _ 0, straw returning to field were set up. During the experiment period, no mineral nitrogen was added to NB, and conventional fertilization was carried out. When returning to the field, no mineral nitrogen was added to the field, 30% mineral nitrogen of the base fertilizer of early rice was added when straw was returned to the field, and 60% mineral nitrogen of the base fertilizer of early rice was added when straw was returned to the field. The results showed that the activity of 6 enzymes (尾 -glucosidase, 尾 -xylosidase, polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase and sucrase) increased in winter when straw was returned to the field in winter. The soil enzyme activity in winter was higher than that in spring. The effect of straw conversion in winter on 尾 -glucosidase and peroxidase in soil and the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the activity of 尾 -glucosidase in winter and growth period. However, there was no significant difference in soil enzyme activity among the three proportions of nitrogen fertilizer. Except polyphenol oxidase, all the other five enzymes were positively correlated with their organic carbon input. Therefore, the soil enzyme activity related to carbon turnover can be regulated to a certain extent by straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application in winter, which has important ecological significance for popularizing straw tillage in winter idle period and ensuring crop yield.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所耕地培肥技术国家工程实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41471187) 国家重点研发项目(2016YFD0300907) 中国农业科学院知识创新工程优秀青年项目(634-6)资助
【分类号】：S154.2

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