长白山地低山区土壤动物群落特征及其对环境因子变化的响应

发布时间：2018-06-17 16:21

本文选题：土壤动物 + 多样性特征　；参考：《生态学报》2017年07期

【摘要】：为探讨长白山地低山区土壤动物群落特征及其对环境因子变化的响应,分别于2014年春季(5月)、夏季(7月)及秋季(9月)对长白山地低山区的次生针阔叶混交林、次生落叶阔叶林、蒙古栎林和耕地土壤动物进行研究。研究表明,4个生境共获土壤动物58类,30445只,隶属3门6纲22目52科(亚目)。各生境大型、中小型土壤动物具有一定的差异性,且各生境季节变化不同。总体来看,耕地生境土壤动物密度与类群数明显低于其它3个生境,大型土壤动物的密度季节变化较显著,中小型土壤动物的密度和类群数的季节波动均较大。次生落叶阔叶林生境大型、中小型土壤动物群落多样性指数和丰富度指数均高于其它3个生境,耕地最低。中小型土壤动物多样性指数、丰富度指数季节波动较大,春季、夏季与秋季之间差异性较大,大型土壤动物季节波动较小。通过对大型、中小型土壤动物与13种环境因子进行Pearson相关分析可知,大型土壤动物对土壤温度和土壤湿度具有正向响应,其密度、类群数与土壤温度具有显著正相关关系,中小型土壤动物的密度、类群数对土壤湿度具有显著正向响应;土壤动物对pH的响应程度较低,对有机质具有显著正向响应;土壤动物对全效养分N、P、K的响应程度高,大型土壤动物的密度对速效养分N、P、K的响应程度高,中小型土壤动物类群数对速效养分N、P、K的响应程度高,对Ca、Mg的响应程度较低。
[Abstract]:In order to study the characteristics of soil fauna community and its response to the change of environmental factors in the low mountain area of Changbai Mountain, the secondary coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest was studied in spring (May, summer (July) and autumn (September), respectively) in the low mountain area of Changbai Mountain. The secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest, Mongolian oak forest and cultivated soil fauna were studied. The results showed that there were 30 445 soil animals belonging to 3 phyla, 6 classes, 22 orders and 52 families in 4 habitats. There are some differences among the large, medium and small soil animals in different habitats, and the seasonal variation of each habitat is different. In general, the density and group number of soil animals in cultivated land were significantly lower than those in the other three habitats. The density of macrofauna varied significantly in season, while the density and group number of small and medium-sized soil animals fluctuated greatly. The diversity index and richness index of small and medium-sized soil fauna community in secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest were higher than those in other three habitats and the cultivated land was the lowest. The diversity index and richness index of small and medium-sized soil fauna fluctuated greatly in season, but there was a great difference between spring, summer and autumn, and the seasonal fluctuation of macrofauna was small. Based on Pearson correlation analysis of large, medium and small soil animals and 13 environmental factors, it was found that macrofauna had a positive response to soil temperature and soil moisture, and its density, group number and soil temperature had a significant positive correlation. The density and group number of small and medium-sized soil animals have a significant positive response to soil moisture, soil animals have a low response to pH and a significant positive response to organic matter, and soil animals have a high response to the total available nutrient N ~ (2 +) Pnu ~ (1) K, while soil animals have a significant positive response to soil moisture. The response degree of the density of macrofauna to available nutrient N ~ (2 +) P ~ (+) K was high, the response degree of small and medium soil fauna population to available nutrient was high, and the response degree to Ca ~ (2 +) mg was lower.
【作者单位】：东北师范大学地理科学学院;吉林省动物资源保护与利用重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41471211)
【分类号】：S154.5

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