间作与土著AMF对坡耕地紫色土氮流失阻控效应与机制研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 06:54

本文选题：菌根 + 间作　；参考：《云南农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业面源氮(N)污染是加剧水质恶化、富营养化的最主要的原因之一。菌根技术是近几年极具优势的农业面源污染控制技术之一,同时间作也对农业面源污染的防治起到一定作用。本研究采用人工降雨和自然降雨两个径流和淋溶模拟试验,在对间作植物根系进行不同菌根处理(抑菌和不抑菌)(MI、NMI)和N处理((不施N、施碳酸氢铵、施尿素)(N0、N1、N2))的基础上,研究施N条件下间作与土著丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对土壤N淋溶影响和对淋溶损失的削减潜力,以及对表层土壤N迁移形态影响与协同响应机制。旨在探索坡耕地紫色土间作与土著AMF互作对农田土壤N流失的影响及削减贡献,为南方坡耕地N流失控制研究奠定理论基础及提供应用价值。研究结果表明:(1)与间作-MI处理相比,间作-NMI组合处理显著提高了植株根系、茎叶和籽粒的生物量,人工降雨模拟研究中植株茎叶、籽粒、根系生物量最大的组合处理均为间作玉米-NMI-N2处理;同一种种植模式,相同N处理下MI处理的植株根系、茎叶和籽粒的N含量及吸收量均显著低于NMI处理;同样种植模式与N处理下,MI处理的玉米、大豆根系N吸收效率显著低于NMI处理。(2)人工降雨模拟试验中,间作-NMI组合处理能够使径流、渗漏水中各形态N浓度明显降低;自然降雨模拟试验显示,间作-NMI-N1处理的土壤渗漏、径流N浓度最低。同种坡度、N处理条件下,间作处理的氨态N、硝态N、可溶性N、颗粒N、总N质量浓度显著低于单作处理。(3)无论何种N处理,间作-NMI组合处理均增加了根系土壤中2~0.25 mm、0.25 mm粒径土壤水稳性团聚体、菌丝密度和球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(GRSP)含量,减少了根系土壤中0.25 mm粒径土壤团聚体含量。自然降雨条件下,间作大豆-NMI-N1组合是促进2~0.25 mm土壤水稳性团聚体含量增加的最优组合,含量为48.58%;人工降雨条件下,间作大豆-NMI-N2组合是促进2~0.25 mm土壤水稳性团聚体含量的增加的最佳组合,相应百分比为51.63%。(4)2~0.25 mm、2 mm粒径的土壤水稳性团聚体与地表径流、壤中渗漏水中各N浓度呈负相关关系。GRSP与地表径流、壤中渗漏水中各N浓度均呈负相关性;土壤中的氨N、硝N含量与地表径流、壤中渗漏水中各N浓度也存在负相关关系。
[Abstract]:Agricultural non-point nitrogen (N) pollution is one of the main causes of worsening water quality and eutrophication. Mycorrhizal technology is one of the most advantageous agricultural non-point source pollution control techniques in recent years, and intercropping also plays a certain role in the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution. In this study, two runoff and leaching simulation experiments, artificial rainfall and natural rainfall, were carried out on the basis of different mycorrhizal treatments (bacteriostasis and non-inhibition of MINMIs) and N treatments (no application of N, application of ammonium bicarbonate, and application of urea N _ (0) N _ (1) N _ (1) N _ (2) N _ (2) to the roots of intercropping plants. The effects of intercropping and native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMFon on N leaching and the potential to reduce leaching loss were studied. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of interaction between purple soil and indigenous AMF on soil N loss in sloping farmland, and to provide a theoretical basis and application value for the study of N loss control in sloping farmland in southern China. The results showed that the biomass of root, stem, leaf and grain were significantly increased by intercropping -NMI combination compared with intercropping -MI treatment. The combination treatments with the largest root biomass were intercropping maize -NMI-N2 treatments, and the N content and uptake of the roots, stems, leaves and grains of MI treatment under the same N treatment were significantly lower than that of NMI treatment. The N uptake efficiency of soybean root was significantly lower than that of NMI treatment under the same cropping pattern and N treatment. In the simulated experiment of artificial rainfall, intercropping-NMI combination treatment could significantly reduce N concentration in runoff and leakage water. The natural rainfall simulation test showed that the soil leakage and runoff N concentration were the lowest in the intercropping-NMI-N1 treatment. Under the same slope N treatment, the mass concentration of ammonia N, nitrate N, soluble N, granular N, total N of intercropping treatment was significantly lower than that of monoculture treatment. The combination of intercropping and NMI increased the soil water stable aggregates, mycelium density and Bleomycin related soil protein (GRSPs) content in root soil, and decreased the content of 0.25 mm soil aggregates in root soil. Under the condition of natural rainfall, intercropping soybean -NMI-N1 combination was the best combination to promote the increase of soil water stable aggregate content of 20.25 mm, the content was 48.58, and under artificial rainfall condition, Intercropping soybean -NMI-N2 combination was the best combination to promote the increase of soil water stable aggregate content in 2o 0.25 mm soil. The corresponding percentage was 51.63. The corresponding percentage of soil water stable aggregate and surface runoff was 51.63. There was a negative correlation between N concentration in soil leakage water and surface runoff, and negative correlation between nitrogen concentration in soil leakage water and surface runoff, and there was a negative correlation between ammonia N and nitrate N content in soil and surface runoff and N concentration in soil leakage water.
【学位授予单位】：云南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X71

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