有机无机肥配施对紫色土旱坡地土壤无机磷迁移的影响

发布时间：2018-06-18 12:13

本文选题：减磷配施有机肥 + 磷素流失　；参考：《水土保持研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：为探索长江上游紫色土旱坡地麦玉轮作系统减少农田磷素流失的最佳施肥模式,降低磷对水体富营养化的影响。2011—2015年,以紫色土旱坡地典型农作冬小麦和夏玉米为材料,在西南大学试验农场进行田间定点试验。试验采用随机区组设计,共设置7个田间小区试验,分别为倍量施磷肥(2P)、优化施肥(P)、优化施肥+猪粪有机肥(MP)、优化施肥+秸秆还田(SP)、优化施肥量磷减20%+猪粪有机肥(MDP)、优化施肥量磷减20%+秸秆还田(SDP)、不施磷肥(P0)。测定了各农田土壤基础性质,以及0—20,20—40,40—60cm土层土壤全磷和有效磷含量,并对不同施磷水平以及磷肥减量配施不同有机肥条件下紫色土旱坡地土壤磷素迁移流失进行了原位定点研究。结果表明:不同施肥条件下紫色土旱坡地总磷(TP)和总可溶性磷(TDP)迁移流失量有明显的差异。TP流失量大小依次为2PPMPSPMDPSDPP0。2P处理总磷流失量最高,P处理是SDP和MDP处理的1.5~2倍。TDP流失量大小依次为2PMPPMDPSPSDPP0。坡上除了P0和P处理全磷含量有所减少外,其他各处理全磷含量都呈增加趋势,坡中、坡下的增长幅度要大于坡上,其中坡下处理MP比种植季前增加了0.400g/kg。除了P0处理土壤有效磷含量降低外,其他各个小区处理坡上、坡中、坡下土壤中有效磷含量都呈增加趋势。猪粪有机肥和秸秆还田对土壤中磷素有一定的活化作用,促进了磷素在土壤中的迁移,且猪粪有机肥对土壤磷素活化作用更强。化学磷肥减量并配施有机肥是应对农业面源污染"控源节流"的较好措施。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the best fertilization model of wheat jade rotation system to reduce the loss of phosphorus in farmland and to reduce the effect of phosphorus on water eutrophication in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the typical farming winter wheat and summer maize were used as materials in the dry slope land of purple soil from 2011 to 2015. A field trial was carried out on the experimental farm of Southwest University. A randomized block design was used and seven field plot experiments were conducted. The results were as follows: double application of phosphorus fertilizer 2PU, optimization of fertilizer application, optimization of fertilization of pig manure organic fertilizer MPN, optimization of fertilization of straw to SPN, optimization of fertilization amount of phosphorus minus 20% of organic fertilizer of pig manure, optimization of fertilizer amount of phosphorus reduction of 20% of straw returned to the field, and no application of phosphorus fertilizer. The basic properties of each farmland soil and the contents of total and available phosphorus in 0-20 ~ 40 ~ 40 ~ 60 cm soil layer were determined. At the same time, the in situ study on phosphorus migration and loss of soil in dry sloping soil of purple soil was carried out under different levels of phosphorus application and combined with different organic fertilizer. The results showed that under different fertilization conditions, there were significant differences in the total phosphorus (TP) and total soluble phosphorus (TDP) transport loss between the dry sloping land in purple soil. The total phosphorus loss in the treatment of 2PPMPSPMDPSDPP0.2P was 1.52times higher than that in the treatments of SDP and MDP, the highest total phosphorus loss was obtained in the treatments of 2PPMPSPMDPSD0.2P and 2PPSPMDPSDP0.2P, respectively. The loss of TDP was 2PMPPMDPSPSDPP0. In addition to P _ 0 and P treatments, the total phosphorus content of all treatments increased. In the middle of the slope, the increase of the total phosphorus content under the slope was larger than that on the slope, and the MP under the slope increased by 0.400 g / kg compared with that of the pre-season treatment. Except the P _ 0 treatment, the available phosphorus content in the soil increased on the slope, in the slope and under the slope, except for the decrease of the available phosphorus content in the soil under the P0 treatment. Pig manure and straw can activate phosphorus in soil to a certain extent, promote phosphorus migration in soil, and pig manure organic fertilizer can activate phosphorus in soil more strongly. It is a good measure to reduce the amount of chemical phosphorus fertilizer and apply organic fertilizer together with organic fertilizer to deal with agricultural non-point source pollution.
【作者单位】：重庆市农业技术推广总站;西南大学资源环境学院;
【基金】：农业部测土配方施肥项目(渝农201528) 国家国际科技合作专项项目(2013DFG92520)
【分类号】：S158

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