榆林市还林还草后土壤保持功能和经济价值评价

发布时间：2018-06-18 16:20

本文选题：还林还草 + 土壤保持　；参考：《干旱区研究》2017年06期

【摘要】：为了定量评估退耕还林还草工程在黄土高原核心区的土壤保持能力和经济价值,以榆林市12个县市为研究对象,利用USLE土壤侵蚀模型结合RS、GIS技术,估算了2000—2013年榆林市土壤侵蚀模数,在此基础上评估了土壤保持能力的变化,利用市场价值法、机会成本法和影子工程法估算了其经济价值。结果表明:14 a来榆林市土壤侵蚀强度呈现降低趋势,2013年比2002年平均侵蚀模数减少784.82 t·km-2·a-1,土壤流失总量减少4.20×107t。土壤保持能力明显提高,但空间差异明显,南部丘陵沟壑区较西北部风沙区土壤保持能力明显提高。2013年土壤保持能力从大到小依次是林地41 540.00 t·km-2·a-1、草地34 852.71 t·km-2·a-1、耕地29 679.39t·km-2·a-1、未利用土地7 973.03 t·km-2·a-1。2013年土壤保持能力为33 685.89 t·km-2·a-1、潜在侵蚀总量为1.61×109t,土壤保持总量约为1.43×109t。为了消除年际降雨侵蚀力不同对土壤侵蚀造成的影响,利用模拟降雨法,模拟了2013年在2002年降雨条件下的土壤保持能力为37 303.64 t·km-2·a-1,比2002年增加1 423.54 t·km-2·a-1。土壤总保持量为1.58×109t,比2002年多出7.20×107t,N、P、K元素共增加了8.24×104t。2013年和2002年土壤保持总价值分别为1.49×1010元和1.51×1010元,增加了5.90×108元。退耕还林还草工程在榆林市取得了显著的生态经济价值,该研究结果可以为该地区土壤保持能力与生态管理提供一定的参考。
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate quantitatively the soil conservation capacity and economic value of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the core area of the Loess Plateau, 12 counties and cities in Yulin City were studied. The use of usle soil erosion model combined with RSGIs technology was used to evaluate the soil conservation ability and economic value of the project in the core area of the Loess Plateau. The soil erosion modulus of Yulin City from 2000 to 2013 was estimated, and the change of soil conservation capacity was evaluated. The economic value was estimated by using market value method, opportunity cost method and shadow engineering method. The results showed that the soil erosion intensity of Yulin City decreased in the past 14 years, and the average erosion modulus decreased by 784.82 t / a in 2013, and the total soil loss decreased by 4.20 脳 10 ~ (7) t compared with that in 2002. The ability of soil conservation was improved obviously, but the spatial difference was obvious. The soil conservation capacity in the southern hilly and gully region was significantly higher than that in the northwestern wind-sand region. The order of soil conservation capacity in 2013 was forest land 41 540.00 t km-2 a-1, grassland 34 852.71 t km-2 a-1, cultivated land 29 679.39 t km-2 a-1, unused land 7 973.03 t km-2 a-1.2013. The total potential erosion and soil conservation were 685.89 t / km-2 ~ (-1) and 1.61 脳 10 ~ (9) t, respectively. In order to eliminate the effect of different annual rainfall erosivity on soil erosion, the simulated rainfall method was used to simulate the soil conservation capacity of 37 303.64 t km-2 a-1 under rainfall in 2002, which was 1 423.54 t km-2 a-1 more than that in 2002. The total soil conservation value was 1.58 脳 10 ~ (9) t, which was 7.20 脳 10 ~ (7) t ~ (-1) higher than that in 2002. The total value of soil conservation was 1.49 脳 1010 yuan and 1.51 脳 1010 yuan in 2002, respectively, and the total value was 5.90 脳 10 ~ 8 yuan more than that in 2002. The project of returning cropland to forest and grassland has obtained remarkable ecological and economic value in Yulin city. The results of this study can provide some reference for soil conservation ability and ecological management in this area.
【作者单位】：西安理工大学水利水电学院;咸阳师范学院资源环境与历史文化学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(51239009;51179150) 陕西省教育厅项目(14JZ063;16JZ089)共同资助
【分类号】：S157

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