脲酶抑制剂与硝化抑制剂对稻田土壤氮素转化的影响

发布时间：2018-06-19 09:45

本文选题：脲酶抑制剂 + 硝化抑制剂　；参考：《中国水稻科学》2017年04期

【摘要】：【目的】本研究旨在阐明脲酶抑制剂(urease inhibitor,UI)和硝化抑制剂(nitrification inhibitor,NI)对稻田土壤氮素转化的影响,探讨抑制剂提高稻谷产量以及氮肥利用率的机理。【方法】本试验设在我国南方红壤稻田,共5个处理:1)不施氮肥(CK);2)尿素(U);3)尿素+脲酶抑制剂(U+UI);4)尿素+硝化抑制剂(U+NI);5)尿素+脲酶抑制剂+硝化抑制剂(U+UI+NI);脲酶抑制剂采用N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT),硝化抑制剂采用3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)。在水稻分蘖期和孕穗期测定土壤脲酶活性、硝酸还原酶活性、土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量以及微生物碳、氮的含量,分析NBPT与DMPP对水稻两个主要生育期土壤氮素供应的影响,比较各处理的产量以及氮肥利用率,通过逐步回归分析研究以上各指标对产量的影响,探明脲酶抑制剂NBPT与硝化抑制剂DMPP在稻田的增效机理。【结果】1)与单施尿素相比,添加NBPT以及NBPT与DMPP配施均显著提高稻谷产量与地上部氮素回收率,两个处理分别增产6.56%与8.24%,氮素回收率提高幅度为19.4%与23.7%。2)与单施尿素相比,添加NBPT以及NBPT与DMPP配施,显著降低水稻分蘖期的土壤脲酶活性和铵态氮含量,显著提高孕穗期的铵态氮含量,而对此时期的脲酶活性无显著影响,所有处理对两个时期的硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、微生物量碳、氮含量均无显著影响;因此,NBPT对于抑制脲酶活性以及提高铵态氮含量的作用主要在孕穗期之前,而单施DMPP没有显著效应。3)从各项土壤指标与水稻产量相关性的逐步回归分析结果来看,水稻分蘖期与孕穗期稻田土壤中铵态氮含量对水稻产量影响显著,而且孕穗期的影响大于分蘖期,其余指标则对产量无显著影响。【结论】脲酶抑制剂NBPT以及NBPT与硝化抑制剂DMPP配施显著提高孕穗期土壤中的铵态氮含量,显著提高稻谷产量以及地上部氮素回收率,证明了生产上氮肥后移的重要意义。
[Abstract]:[objective] to elucidate the effects of urease inhibitor, and nitrification inhibitor, on nitrogen conversion in paddy soils. The mechanism of inhibitor increasing rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency was discussed. [methods] the experiment was conducted in red soil paddy field in southern China. A total of 5 treatments (5: 1) no nitrogen fertilizer (CKN 2) UU (3) urea urease inhibitor (U UIZN 4) urea nitrification inhibitor (U NIN 5) urease inhibitor nitrification inhibitor (N- Ding Ji thiotriamine nitration inhibitor, nitrification, nitrification) The inhibitor was 3'4'- dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP). Soil urease activity, nitrate reductase activity, soil ammonium nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen content, microbial carbon and nitrogen content were measured at tillering stage and booting stage of rice. The effects of NBPT and DMPP on soil nitrogen supply in two main growth stages of rice were analyzed. The effects of the above indexes on yield were studied by stepwise regression analysis, and the synergistic mechanism of urease inhibitor NBPT and nitrification inhibitor DMPP in paddy field was found out. [results] 1) compared with urea alone, the effect of NBPT and DMPP on the yield of rice field was studied by stepwise regression analysis. Addition of NBPT and combined application of NBPT and DMPP significantly increased the yield of rice and nitrogen recovery of aboveground parts. The yield of two treatments increased by 6.56% and 8.24%, respectively, and the rate of nitrogen recovery increased by 19.4% and 23.70.2.) compared with urea application alone, the addition of NBPT and NBPT combined with DMPP increased the yield by 6.56% and 8.24%, respectively. Soil urease activity and ammonium nitrogen content were significantly decreased at tillering stage, and ammonium nitrogen content in booting stage was significantly increased, but there was no significant effect on urease activity in this period. All treatments had significant effects on nitrate nitrogen content and nitrate reductase activity in two periods. The effect of NBPT on inhibiting urease activity and increasing ammonium nitrogen content was mainly before booting stage. However, DMPP alone had no significant effect. 3) from the stepwise regression analysis of correlation between soil indexes and rice yield, it was found that the content of ammonium nitrogen in paddy soil at tillering stage and booting stage had a significant effect on rice yield. Moreover, the effect of booting stage was greater than that of tillering stage, but the other indexes had no significant effect on yield. [conclusion] urease inhibitor NBPT and NBPT combined with nitrification inhibitor DMPP could significantly increase the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil at booting stage. The yield of rice and the recovery rate of nitrogen in the aboveground were significantly increased, which proved the significance of the backward shift of nitrogen fertilizer in the production.
【作者单位】：江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/农业部双季稻营养与农业环境观测实验站;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0200109,2016YFD0200402,2017YFD0301601) 国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2015BAD23B03-01) 江西省农业科学院创新基金博士启动项目(2014ZCBS009)
【分类号】：S153.6

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