有机无机肥配施对滨海盐碱土化学性状及棉花生长的影响

发布时间：2018-06-22 16:24

  本文选题：有机无机肥 + 配施　； 参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对滨海盐碱土盐渍化严重、棉花生长不良且产量低等问题,通过研究有机无机肥配施对滨海盐碱土化学性状和棉花产量品质的影响,探索滨海盐碱地棉花种植的有机无机肥最优配比和用量,以期为黄河三角洲区域滨海盐碱地改良、提升棉花生产能力提供有效的降盐增效施肥模式。本试验采用山东省滨州市无棣县渤海粮仓科技示范工程中心的滨海盐碱土,在山东农业大学资源与环境学院南校区试验站进行了棉花盆栽试验。本研究以有机肥用量为主区,设0、6000、12000kg/hm~2;以无机肥配比和用量为副区,设0 kg/hm~2,N-P2O5-K2O:210 kg/hm~2-75 kg/hm~2-75 kg/hm~2、N-P2O5-K2O:105 kg/hm~2-37.5kg/hm~2-37.5 kg/hm~2和N-P2O5-K2O:180 kg/hm~2-120 kg/hm~2-60 kg/hm~2、N-P2O5-K2O:90kg/hm~2-60 kg/hm~2-30 kg/hm~2五个无机肥配比和用量进行试验,研究结果如下:(1)各施肥处理均有控盐效应。与其他处理相比,有机无机肥配施F3P2(有机肥12000kg/hm~2;N-P2O5-K2O:90 kg/hm~2-60 kg/hm~2-30 kg/hm~2)在棉花成熟期土壤全盐含量降低2.32%~34.16%、电导率降低了0.88%~31.92%、pH值降低0.01~0.17个单位、有机质含量提高了0.08%~6.90%,为最优控盐和调控盐碱土环境的有机无机肥配施模式。(2)在本试验条件下,有机无机肥配施的F3P2处理(有机肥12000kg/hm~2;N-P2O5-K2O:90 kg/hm~2-60 kg/hm~2-30 kg/hm~2)较其它施肥处理提高土壤全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮含量分别达到0.22%~5.64%,1.73%~39.13%和0.65%~32.95%。与其他施肥处理相比,有机无机肥配施的F3P2处理速效钾及有效磷分别增加0.95%~12.77%和0.8%~28.17%,是较好的保育土壤养分的施肥模式。(3)与其它处理相比,有机无机肥配施F3P2(有机肥12000kg/hm~2;N-P2O5-K2O:90 kg/hm~2-60 kg/hm~2-30 kg/hm~2)处理棉花的株高增加了0.47%~57.25%,茎粗增加了2.94%~55.52%,棉花叶片SPAD值、光合速率分别提高了0.42%~38.97%、0.55%~44.64%。(4)有机无机肥配施F3P2处理比单施无机肥或单施有机肥显著的增加了棉花的产量和植株干物质量,与其它处理相比,F3P2处理提高产量,生物量分别为2.23%~210%,0.67%~44.41%;并有效提高了滨海盐碱土棉花纤维强度、断裂比强度、整齐度等品质指标,是提升滨海盐碱地棉花产量和品质的最优施肥模式。
[Abstract]:In view of the problems of serious salinization, poor growth of cotton and low yield, the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on chemical properties and cotton yield and quality of coastal saline soil were studied. To explore the optimum proportion and dosage of organic and inorganic fertilizer for cotton planting in coastal saline and alkali land, in order to provide an effective model of reducing salt and increasing fertilizer application for improving coastal saline and alkali land in Yellow River Delta region and enhancing cotton production capacity. In this experiment, the cotton pot experiment was carried out at the south campus of Shandong Agricultural University, Wudi County, Shandong Province, using the coastal saline-alkali soil of Bohai granary Science and Technology demonstration Engineering Center. 鏈�鐮旂┒浠ユ湁鏈鸿偉鐢ㄩ噺涓轰富鍖�,璁，

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