受涝早稻割穗留桩蓄留再生稻的生物学特性及救灾效益

发布时间：2018-06-23 20:22

本文选题：早稻 + 洪涝　；参考：《中国农业气象》2017年07期

【摘要】：以抽穗期受涝杂交早稻(陵两优211)和常规早稻(中早39)割穗留桩苗为研究对象,未割穗处理为对照,2016年在湖南株洲开展田间试验,测定受涝早稻割穗留桩(20cm)蓄留再生稻的生物学指标,并计算其救灾效益,以期为湖南洪涝灾害后早稻的救灾减灾提供科学依据。结果表明:陵两优211割穗蓄留再生稻的产量较中早39割穗处理增加6.4%,陵两优211及中早39割穗处理的实际产量较未割穗处理分别极显著(P0.01)增加115.4%、125.0%,其稻米外观品质及加工品质也显著优于未割穗处理(P0.05);割穗留桩处理再生稻齐穗期的作物生长率、净同化率、SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率均显著大于未割穗处理(P0.05),成熟期叶片正常褪色,割穗留桩处理再生稻生育期显著短于未割穗处理(P0.05);割穗留桩处理与不割穗对照处理相比,其投入产出比增加117.1%,经济亏损降低57.3%。可见,受涝早稻割穗留桩蓄留再生稻的经济产量较高,损失降低,救灾效益显著,可在洪涝多灾区推广应用。
[Abstract]:Field trials were carried out in Zhuzhou, Hunan province in 2016, with waterlogged early hybrid rice (Linliangyou 211) and conventional early rice (Zhongzao 39) as research objects and uncut spike treatment as control. The biological indexes of early rice-bearing rice (20cm) stored and regenerated by waterlogged early rice were determined and its relief benefit was calculated in order to provide scientific basis for disaster relief and mitigation of early rice after flood disaster in Hunan Province. The results showed that the grain yield of Lingliangyou 211 was 6.4kum higher than that of mid-early 39 cutting ear treatment, and the actual yield of Lingliangyou 211 and Zhongzao 39 cutting panicle treatments was significantly higher than that of uncut ear treatment (P0.01), and the grain appearance quality and grain quality of Lingliangyou 211 were significantly higher than that of non-cutting ear treatment. The processing quality was also significantly better than the uncut treatment (P0.05). Net assimilation rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly higher than those of uncut ear treatment (P0.05). The growth period of ratooning rice treated by cutting and retaining piles was significantly shorter than that of uncut ears (P0.05), and the input-output ratio increased by 117.1 and the economic deficit decreased 57.3% compared with the control treatment without cutting ear. It can be seen that the economic yield is higher, the loss is lower and the benefit of disaster relief is significant, so it can be popularized and applied in many flood areas.
【作者单位】：湖南省土壤肥料研究所;
【基金】：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B05)
【分类号】：S422;S511

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