基于WEPP模型的水土保持措施因子与侵蚀量关系研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 01:15

本文选题：土壤侵蚀 + 水土保持措施　；参考：《土壤通报》2017年04期

【摘要】：水土保持措施能够有效减少水土流失,是土壤侵蚀过程中的一个重要影响因子。以北京市延庆县水土保持科技示范园的径流小区观测数据为基础,利用WEPP模型模拟了坡面不同水土保持措施下的侵蚀量,结果表明:(1)植被盖度与侵蚀量呈负相关关系,植被盖度越高侵蚀量越少,当盖度50%时侵蚀量会显著减少,且植被有效盖度的阈值为70%;(2)梯田的土壤侵蚀过程主要发生在田坎处,水平田面几乎没有水土流失,侵蚀量与田坎高成正比,与田面宽成反比。在北方土石山区,水平梯田田坎高度不宜超过2.5 m,田面宽不宜小于5 m;(3)粮—草间作能有效减少土壤侵蚀量,且草带所占比例越大减蚀效益越好。在水土保持为主的坡耕地上适合推广粮:草比为2:4的间作配置模式。研究结果对于北方土石山区的土壤侵蚀研究以及水土保持措施的配置具有一定参考意义。
[Abstract]:Soil and water conservation measures can effectively reduce soil erosion and is an important factor in soil erosion process. Based on the observation data of runoff plots in the soil and water conservation science demonstration park in Yanqing County, Beijing, the WEPP model is used to simulate the erosion of different soil and water conservation measures on the slope surface. The results show that: (1) vegetation coverage and erosion amount With a negative correlation, the higher the vegetation coverage, the less the erosion amount, the decrease of the erosion amount when the coverage is 50%, and the threshold of the effective coverage of the vegetation is 70%; (2) the soil erosion process of the terraced fields mainly occurs in the fields, the level of the horizontal field is almost no soil erosion, the amount of erosion is proportional to the field height, and is inversely proportional to the field width. In the northern earth and rock mountain area, the soil erosion is in inverse proportion to the field width. The level of the horizontal terrace is not more than 2.5 m, and the field width should not be less than 5 m; (3) the grain - grass intercropping can effectively reduce the soil erosion, and the greater the proportion of the grass belt, the better the erosion reduction benefit. The study and the allocation of soil and water conservation measures are of some reference significance.
【作者单位】：北京林业大学水土保持学院;北京林业大学北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2015ZCQ-SB-01) 林业公益性行业科研专项(201404209)资助
【分类号】：S157

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