河南省黄泛平原风沙化土地形成及分布特征研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 18:04

本文选题：黄河下游河道 + 决口　；参考：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：黄河下游河道的历次决口、改道、变迁、冲积等活动塑造了大片易受风蚀的的沙丘、沙岗、冲积扇等地形,在风力及人为活动的影响下,形成了大规模的风沙化土地,风沙危害颇为突出。但是长期以来,河南省黄泛平原风沙化土地问题未能引起足够的重视。时至今日,黄泛平原风沙区范围的界定仍缺少充分的依据,关于易风蚀性土地的研究更为缺乏。因此,本文利用黄河下游河道决口变迁的文字记载、古河道地图及其他学者的相关研究成果,对其各个时期的决口、变迁过程进行系统整合,结合其对下游平原地区地形地貌的影响分析,界定黄泛平原风沙区的特征,对黄泛平原风沙区范围的划分展开研究。同时基于TM、ALOS等遥感影像,采用非监督分类的方法,提取土地利用信息,并结合河南土壤数据进行分析,对河南黄泛平原易风蚀性土地的现状、变化特征进行系统分析与研究。通过研究发现:(1)河南黄泛平原风沙区的成因主要包括历史成因、自然成因及人为影响。其中历史成因指黄河下游河道的历次决口改道形成极易侵蚀的土壤下垫面;自然成因为旱季和风速两者在时间序列上一致性;人为影响为区域内高密度人口与高强度人为活动。(2)根据河南黄泛平原风沙区的区域特征制定划分原则,将开封、商丘、郑州、焦作、鹤壁、濮阳、新乡、安阳8市36个县划为黄泛平原风沙区,总面积3.72万km2,占河南省总面积的22.28%。(3)旱地为黄泛平原风沙区易受风蚀的土地利用类型。1990年,研究区旱地面积为17493.03 km2,主要分布永城市、开封县、中牟县、滑县、商丘市、原阳县、虞城县、夏邑县、濮阳县、内黄县、长垣县、新郑市、尉氏县、柘城县、武陟县、封丘县等县。2000年,研究区旱地面积为10152.10 km2,主要分布在永城市、滑县、延津县、开封县、长垣县、夏邑县、杞县、中牟县、兰考县、通许县、内黄县、宁陵县、尉氏县等。2010年,研究区旱地面积为3305.62 km2,主要分布在内黄县、长垣县、开封县、濮阳县、中牟县、封丘县、清丰县、卫辉市、延津县、滑县、武陟县、浚县、濮阳市华龙区等县。(4)综合研究区内土壤类型、土壤质地、土壤粒径组成、土壤风蚀可蚀性分析等因素,确定区域内易蚀性土壤主要有8类:壤质潮土、壤质灌淤潮土、砂质灌淤潮土、砂质潮土、砂质脱潮土、砂质氯化物盐化潮土、固定草甸风沙土、半固定草甸风沙土。(5)研究区内易风蚀性土地是指表层土壤为易蚀性土壤的旱地。1990年,易风蚀性土地总面积11858.75 km2,占研究区总面积的31.84%,占耕地总面积的37.45%,占旱地总面积的67.79%。主要分布在中牟县、开封县、滑县、原阳县、内黄县中部和南部、长垣县、尉氏县西部、虞城县、夏邑县等地。2000年,易风蚀性土地总面积7468.11m2,占研究区总面积的20.05%,占耕地总面积的25.32%,占旱地总面积的73.56%。主要分布在滑县、延津县、开封县、永城市北部、长垣县、杞县中部和东北部、中牟县中部、兰考县西部和北部、通许县东北部和南部、夏邑县西北部和东部、内黄县中部和西南部等地。2010年,易风蚀性土地总面积2359.58 km2,占研究区总面积的6.34%,占耕地总面积的8.98%,占旱地总面积的71.38%。主要分布在内黄县、长垣县东南部、开封县西北部、中牟县中部、清丰县西北部、封丘县东部、滑县、延津县、濮阳县等地。
[Abstract]:In the lower reaches of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, changes, changes, alluvium and other activities have created a large area of sand dunes, sand hills and alluvial fans, which have formed a large scale of wind desertification land under the influence of wind and human activities. However, the wind sand desertification in the yellow plain of Henan province has not been cited for a long period of time. Enough attention is given. Today, there is still a lack of sufficient basis for the definition of the scope of the wind and sand area in the plain of the Yellow River Plain, and the research on the wind erosion land is more lacking. Therefore, this paper makes use of the written records, the ancient river road map and the related research results of other scholars in the river course of the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Combining with the analysis of the topography and landform in the downstream plain area, the characteristics of the wind sand area in the Yellow plain are defined, and the scope of the wind sand area in the Yellow plain plain is studied. At the same time, based on the remote sensing images of TM, ALOS and other remote sensing images, the land use information is extracted by the unsupervised classification method, and the analysis of the soil data in Henan is carried out. A systematic analysis and Research on the current situation of wind erosion land in the Yellow plain of Henan is systematically analyzed and studied. Through the study, it is found that: (1) the genesis of the aeolian sandy area of the Henan yellow plain is mainly composed of historical causes, natural causes and human effects. However, because both the dry season and the wind speed are consistent in the time series, the human influence is the high density population and high intensity human activities in the region. (2) according to the regional characteristics of the yellowish plain of Henan, the principle is formulated, and the 36 counties of Kaifeng, Shangqiu, Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Hebi, Puyang, Xinxiang and Anyang are divided into the yellowish plain wind sand areas. The total area of 37 thousand and 200 km2, accounting for 22.28%. (3) of the total area of Henan province is the land use type of wind erosion in the yellowish plain wind sand area for.1990 years. The dry land area of the study area is 17493.03 km2, which mainly distributes in Yongcheng, Kaifeng County, Zhongmu County, Huaxian, Shangqiu County, Yucheng County, Xiaye County, Puyang County, nehuang County, Changyuan County, Xinzheng City, Weishi County, and zhe. City County, Wuzhi County, Fengqiu county and other counties.2000 years, the area of dry land in the study area is 10152.10 km2, mainly distributed in Yongcheng, Huaxian, Yanjin County, Kaifeng County, Changyuan County, Xiaye County, Qixian County, Zhongmu County, Lankao County, Tongxu County, nehuang County, Ning Ling County, Weishi County, and so on.2010 years, the area of dry land is 3305.62 km2, mainly distributed in nehuang County, Changyuan county. Kaifeng County, Puyang County, Zhongmu County, Fengqiu County, Qingfeng County, Weihui City, Yanjin County, Huaxian, Wuzhi County, Xunxian County, Puyang city Hualong district. (4) the soil types, soil texture, soil particle size composition and soil erosion erodibility analysis in the comprehensive study area, and determine that there are 8 types of soil erosion soil in the region: loam tidal soil, loamy irrigation and silt soil, Sandy tidal soil, sandy tidal soil, sandy tidal soil, sandy chloride Salinization Soil, fixed meadow sandy soil, semi fixed meadow aeolian sandy soil. (5) the wind erosion land in the study area refers to the dry land of surface soil as erosive soil in.1990 years, and the total area of wind erosion land is 11858.75 km2, accounting for 31.84% of the total area of the study area, accounting for the total area of cultivated land. 37.45%, the 67.79%. of the total area of the dryland is mainly distributed in Zhongmu County, Kaifeng County, Huaxian, Yuanyang County, the central and southern part of nehuang County, Changyuan County, Western Weishi County, Yucheng county and Xiaye county. The total area of wind erosion land is 7468.11m2, accounting for 20.05% of the total area of the study area, accounting for 25.32% of the total area of cultivated land, accounting for 73.56%. of the total area of dryland. Mainly distributed in Huaxian, Yanjin County, Kaifeng County, northern Yongcheng City, Changyuan County, central and northeastern Qixian County, central Zhongmu County, West and north of Lankao County, northeast and south of Tongxu County, northwest and east of Xiyi County, central and southwest of nehuang County,.2010, the total area of wind erosion land is 2359.58 km2, accounting for 6.34 of the total area of the research area. % of the total area of cultivated land, accounting for 8.98% of the total area of arable land, the 71.38%. of the total area of the dryland is mainly distributed in Neihuang County, Southeast of Changyuan County, northwest of Kaifeng County, central Zhongmu County, northwest of Qingfeng County, Eastern Fengqiu County, Huaxian, Yanjin county and Puyang county.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157

【参考文献】