明清时期京津冀地区蝗灾的时空特征及环境背景

发布时间：2018-06-26 08:59

  本文选题：蝗灾 + 时空特征　； 参考：《古地理学报》2017年02期

【摘要】：明清时期(公元1368—1911年)是中国的小冰期,也被称为方志时期,蝗灾等各种自然灾害频发且记录丰富。华北平原是中国历史蝗灾暴发的主要源地,对其开展研究具有特殊的意义。基于明清时期的文献资料,从灾害地理学的视角,借助数理统计与GIS空间分析方法,构建京津冀地区蝗灾等级、频数和县次序列,揭示蝗灾的时空分布特征,并解析其成因。结果表明:(1)明清时期京津冀地区蝗灾平均1.8 a一遇,年均受灾3县次;蝗灾主要发生在夏半年的三月至八月,其中六月和七月是蝗灾暴发的峰值月份,而冬半年的九月至次年二月较少;(2)蝗灾等级以Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级为主,平均等级为2.17;"十年蝗灾频数"和"十年蝗灾县次"整体上呈现波动上升趋势;(3)蝗灾代际县次变化,夏蝗县次多于秋蝗县次,且次年夏蝗的发生与上年暖冬并未良好对应;(4)小波分析指示蝗灾存在100 a和30 a的主周期和53 a、17 a和11a的次周期;(5)蝗灾空间分布具有一定的集中性,东南远多于西北,受地形起伏和水系格局的影响较大;(6)蝗灾的发生与温度关系不明显,但与旱涝关系密切,并与Nino3指数有良好的对应。
[Abstract]:Ming and Qing Dynasty (1368-1911 AD) is the small ice age in China, also known as the local chronicles, locusts and other natural disasters frequent and abundant records. North China Plain is the main source of locust outbreak in China. Based on the literature of the Ming and Qing dynasties, from the perspective of disaster geography, with the help of mathematical statistics and GIS spatial analysis method, this paper constructs the locust disaster grades, frequency and county sequence in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, reveals the space-time distribution characteristics of locust disaster, and analyzes the causes of locust disaster. The results are as follows: (1) during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the locust disaster occurred in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region once in 1.8 a year, and affected three counties per year, and the locust plague mainly occurred from March to August in summer and half a year, and June and July were the peak months of locust outbreak. From September to February of winter half a year, the number of locust infestations was less; (2) the gradation of locusts was mainly grade 鈪，

本文编号：2069850