黄土高原丘陵沟壑区坡地耕作方式对土壤侵蚀的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 12:36

本文选题：耕作侵蚀 + 土壤颗粒位移　；参考：《水土保持学报》2016年04期

【摘要】：为研究耕作方式对坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响,在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区选取典型坡耕地,采用示踪块法,对畜力横向犁耕、人力顺向掏挖、人力逆向锄耕和机械横向犁耕4种主要耕作方式在5°,10°,15°3种坡度条件下进行耕作侵蚀试验。结果表明:不同坡度条件下,耕作方式对土壤颗粒位移的影响较为显著,畜力横向犁耕、人力顺向掏挖和机械横向犁耕随坡度增大,示踪块位移增大;而人力逆向锄耕中,耕作使土块向上坡方向移动,但受重力影响,坡度越大,移动距离越小。同一坡度条件下,耕作模式所产生的水平位移由大到小依次是机械横向犁耕畜力横向犁耕人力顺向掏挖人力逆向锄耕。4种耕作方式中,机械横向犁耕造成土壤颗粒位移和耕作侵蚀量最大,人力逆向锄耕影响最小。为减少耕作侵蚀,针对坡耕地尽可能采用少耕或免耕方式,以减少耕作侵蚀,在不增加劳动强度的情况下,10°以上坡耕地可采用人力逆向锄耕模式耕作。
[Abstract]:In order to study the influence of tillage methods on soil erosion of sloping farmland, typical sloping farmland was selected in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau. The experiment of tillage erosion was carried out under the condition of 5 掳10 掳/ 15 掳slope with 4 main tillage methods of human reverse hoe tillage and mechanical transverse ploughing. The results showed that under different slope conditions, the effects of tillage methods on soil particle displacement were more significant. The horizontal ploughing of animal force, human and mechanical ploughing increased with the increase of slope, and the tracer displacement increased with the increase of slope, while in reverse tillage, the displacement of tracer was increased with the increase of slope. Tillage causes the soil to move up the slope, but the larger the slope is, the smaller the moving distance is due to the influence of gravity. Under the same slope condition, the horizontal displacement produced by the tillage mode was in order of mechanical transverse ploughing, animal force, horizontal ploughing, and backward plowing. Mechanical lateral ploughing resulted in the largest soil particle displacement and tillage erosion, and the human reverse tillage had the least effect. In order to reduce tillage erosion, as far as possible, less tillage or no-tillage can be adopted in sloping farmland. In order to reduce tillage erosion, manual reverse hoe tillage can be used in sloping farmland above 10 掳without increasing labor intensity.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学资源环境学院;杨凌职业技术学院;
【基金】：国家“973”计划项目“不同类型区土壤侵蚀过程与机理研究项目”(2007CB407201)
【分类号】：S157.42

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