基于GIS的富锦市农业区域土地生产潜力研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 19:16

本文选题：潜力级 + 空间格局　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地生产力是农业生产的基础和条件,是解决经济、人口、资源、粮食之间矛盾的不容忽视的因素。随着我国经济的快速发展以及人口的不断增长,人类生存给土地资源带来的压力与日俱增,国家已把如何调整三大产业结构、开发高新技术产业以及如何解决经济增长与资源之间的矛盾放在了突出位置,生态环境的改善问题更是重中之重。想要切实解决区域性的用地矛盾、解决对农业生产的需求以及日益恶化的耕地质量等等诸多问题,就要充分运用空间信息技术对各个区域的土地生产能力和利用情况进行建库分析并实施动态监测,基于GIS平台适宜的土地生产潜力评价应运而生,在理论上坚持地理信息系统的运用,有针对性、目的性的研究农业区域土地资源生产潜力。可以为农地资源的进一步研究提供数据基础,也为农地制度的政策推广提供科学依据。本研究以地理信息系统(GIS)作为主要的技术手段,以农业生态区法以及“机制法”为基础,尝试构建土地自然生产潜力的区域差异性模拟模型,最终得到各类指标的空间分布图,并将最终得到的土地生产潜力按等级进行划分,对其空间的分布加以分析。同时分析富锦市农区的土地自然生产潜力的空间格局及与产能差异,最后结合富锦市各区域的实际情况提出几点建议。研究的主要内容和成果如下:(1)本文综合了光、温、水、土等自然生态因子,采用混合模型逐步衰减的方法对研究区内的三种主要作物进行土地生产潜力的估算。在计算过程中对能量转换系数、作物经济系数、等相关参数进行修正,得到各作物的光合生产潜力;运用孙惠南的有效系数模型,计算得到作物的光温生产潜力;依据土地的实际蒸散量和作物需水量得到气候生产潜力;根据层次分析法和综合因素分析法,借鉴相关专家意见将黑土层厚度、有机质含量、质地、土壤排水等七种指标进行标准化并获得权重,对各潜力单元的土地生产潜力加以计算,最终得到富锦市玉米、水稻、大豆的土地生产潜力空间分布图。改进后的计算模型与原模型相比衰减程度较大,在计算结果上更为接近实际的作物产量,对当地的生产和产能评估提供了一定的参考。(2)取土壤有效系数作为土地生产潜力分级的指标,将富锦市农业区域耕地的生产潜力划分为六个等级,并对生产潜力的空间格局进行详细分析。从各作物的土地生产潜力分布来看,富锦市农区属于玉米优质地区,大面积种植玉米作物能够取得高产,而相比之下在东北部地区玉米的生产潜力较小,因而不适宜种植;水稻的生产潜力差异及分异特征较为显著,北部地区水稻生产潜力相对较小,中部地区水稻生产潜力较大,南部地区次之;大豆生产潜力则相对均一,研究区整体均较为适合种植大豆,但较之玉米、水稻作物单产较低,这也是大豆种植面积逐年减少的原因之一。(3)由土地生产潜力产出率的计算结果可知,各镇玉米的实际产量均已超出了估算的土地生产潜力,其中向阳川镇的产出率最高,说明研究区域内实际的气候条件以及土壤条件更适于该种作物的生长,无论是土地的利用程度还是投入水平都相对较高;水稻的土地生产潜力接近其实际产量,产出率接近1且波动较小,土地的开发利用状况较为合理;而大豆的土地生产潜力均大于实际产量,表现出研究区内土地利用的状况未能达到理想程度,加强农田的设施建设,改善土壤条件,大豆的产量将会有一定的提升空间。
[Abstract]:Land productivity is the basis and condition of agricultural production. It is a non neglecting factor to solve the contradiction between economy, population, resources and grain. With the rapid development of China's economy and the increasing population, the pressure of human survival to land resources is increasing. The country has already adjusted the three major industrial structures and developed high and new technology. The problem of the industry and how to solve the contradiction between economic growth and resources has been placed in a prominent position, and the improvement of the ecological environment is the most important. In order to solve the regional contradiction of land use, to solve the demand for agricultural production and the deteriorating quality of cultivated land, we should make full use of space information technology to each other. The land production capacity and utilization of the region are analyzed and dynamic monitoring is carried out. The suitability of the land production potential evaluation based on the GIS platform arises at the historic moment. In theory, the application of geographic information system is adhered to, and the purpose is to study the potential of land resources in the agricultural region. Based on the geographic information system (GIS) as the main technical means, based on the agro ecological area method and the "mechanism law", this study tries to build a regional difference simulation model of the natural production potential of the land, and finally obtains the spatial distribution map of various indexes, and will be used in the study. The final land production potential is classified by grade, and the distribution of its space is analyzed. At the same time, the spatial pattern of the natural production potential of the land in Fujin agricultural area and the difference with the productivity are analyzed. Finally, some suggestions are put forward in combination with the actual conditions of various regions in Fujin. The main contents and results of the study are as follows: (1) this paper synthesizes the light. The natural ecological factors such as temperature, water, soil and other natural ecological factors are used to estimate the land production potential of three major crops in the study area by the method of mixed models gradually attenuating. In the calculation process, the energy conversion coefficient, crop economic coefficient, and other related parameters are corrected to obtain the photosynthetic production potential of each crop; the effective coefficient of Sun Huinan is used. According to the analytic hierarchy process and comprehensive factor analysis, seven indexes, such as the thickness of the black soil, the content of organic matter, the quality of the soil, the water discharge and so on, are normalized and the weight is obtained. The land production potential of the force unit is calculated, and the spatial distribution map of the land production potential of maize, rice and soybean in Fujin is finally obtained. The improved calculation model is more attenuated compared with the original model, which is closer to the actual crop yield in the calculation results, and provides a certain reference for the local production and productivity evaluation. (2) (2) As the index of land production potential classification, the soil efficiency is divided into six grades, and the spatial pattern of production potential is analyzed in detail. From the distribution of land production potential of each crop, the agricultural region of Fujin belongs to the high quality area of jade rice, and the large area planting corn crops can be taken from the Fujin. The production potential of maize is relatively small in the northeastern region, and it is not suitable for planting in the northeastern region, so it is not suitable for planting. The potential difference and differentiation of rice production potential are relatively significant, the rice production potential in the northern region is relatively small, the rice production potential in the central region is larger, the southern region is second, the soybean production potential is relatively uniform, and the research area is as a whole. It is more suitable for planting soybean, but compared with corn, the yield of rice crops is low, which is one of the reasons for the decrease of soybean planting area. (3) the calculation results of the yield of land production potential show that the actual yield of corn in each town has exceeded the estimated land production potential, among which the output rate to Yang Chuan town is the highest, indicating the research area. The actual climatic conditions and soil conditions in the field are more suitable for the growth of the crop, whether the land use degree or the input level are relatively high; the rice land production potential is close to its actual yield, the output rate is close to 1 and the fluctuation is smaller, the land development and utilization is more reasonable; and the land production potential of soybean is all large. The actual production shows that the situation of land use in the research area has not reached the level of ideal, and the construction of farmland and the soil conditions will be improved, and the yield of soybean will have some room for improvement.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.211

【参考文献】