淮河流域冬小麦主要生育期旱涝时空特征及对产量的影响

发布时间：2018-06-28 03:19

本文选题：农作物 + 降水　；参考：《农业工程学报》2017年22期

【摘要】：旱涝灾害在淮河流域发生频繁,对农作物产量影响较大。该文基于淮河流域1961-2014年140个气象站逐日降水、气温数据,利用标准化降水指数(standardized precipitation index,SPI)和标准化降水蒸散指数(standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index,SPEI)定量分析冬小麦各生育期气候特征,结合1961-2012年20个站点冬小麦单产数据计算标准化产量残差(standardized yield residuals,SYR),探讨冬小麦主要生育期旱涝灾害对其产量的影响。结果表明:1)冬小麦各生育期气温均呈显著上升趋势(P0.05),气温呈南高北低、西高东低的格局,东部趋势高于西部且返青抽穗期大部分站点趋势值最高,而降水量沿纬度变化与气温一致,其变化趋势在冬小麦各生育期差异明显。2)冬小麦返青抽穗期干旱增加趋势最大(P0.05),旱涝灾害在全生育期、返青抽穗期和灌浆成熟期主要受气温影响,在冬前生长期和越冬期主要受降水量影响,同时冬小麦各生育期SPEI干旱化趋势大于SPI。3)除冬前生长期外,SYR与SPI和SPEI均呈负相关关系,以返青抽穗期相关性最高,在返青抽穗期达到中度干旱或中度湿润时产量减少。该研究尝试明晰淮河流域发生在冬小麦生育期的旱涝灾害对其产量的影响,为冬小麦生育期防灾减灾提供基础支撑。
[Abstract]:Drought and flood disasters occur frequently in the Huaihe River Basin, which have a great influence on crop yield. Based on the daily precipitation and temperature data of 140 meteorological stations in the Huaihe River Basin from 1961 to 2014, the climatic characteristics of winter wheat in each growing period were analyzed by using the standardized precipitation index (standardized precipitation) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration). Based on the data of winter wheat yield per unit yield from 1961 to 2012, the effects of drought and waterlogging on winter wheat yield during the main growing period were studied by using the standard yield residual (standardized yield residuals Syr. The results showed that the temperature of winter wheat increased significantly in each growing period (P0.05), the temperature was high in the south, low in the north, low in the west, higher in the east than in the west, and the highest in most of the stations at heading stage. However, the variation of precipitation along latitude was consistent with temperature, and the trend of variation was obvious in different growth stages of winter wheat (.2). The trend of drought increased most (P0.05) at heading and heading stage of winter wheat, and the drought and flood disaster occurred in the whole growth period. Air temperature affected the heading stage and grain filling maturity stage, and precipitation was the main factor in the growth period and overwintering stage. Meanwhile, the drought trend of SPEI in each growth stage of winter wheat was greater than that of SPI.3) except for the growth period before winter, Syr was negatively correlated with SPI and SPEI. The correlation between heading stage and heading stage was the highest, and the yield decreased when the heading stage reached moderate drought or moderate humidity. This study attempts to clarify the effects of drought and waterlogging on the yield of winter wheat in the Huaihe River Basin, and provide the basic support for the disaster prevention and mitigation of winter wheat during the growth period.
【作者单位】：宁波大学地理与空间信息技术系;安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院;安徽省农业气象中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41571018)
【分类号】：S42;S512.11

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