设施种植模式对土壤细菌多样性及群落结构的影响

发布时间：2018-06-28 09:43

本文选题：设施种植 + 有机种植　；参考：《中国生态农业学报》2017年11期

【摘要】：为了研究有机和常规设施种植模式及轮作对土壤细菌多样性和群落结构的影响,本研究采用Illumina平台Hiseq 2500高通量测序技术,于2016年6月(作物处于收获期)对北京市顺义区不同设施种植模式(分别为有机设施种植模式和常规设施种植模式下的叶菜连作、茄果连作和叶茄轮作)下土壤细菌进行16S r RNA测序。测序质控后共获得17 278个操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTUs),共计318 851条有效序列。比较不同种植模式和轮作下土壤细菌多样性、细菌群落结构组成、相对丰度及土壤理化性质与细菌群落多样性关系的差异性。结果表明:土壤微生物群落结构在有机和常规设施种植模式下差异明显,有机设施种植土壤细菌多样性高于常规设施种植;有机设施种植下轮作与连作土壤细菌群落结构表现出明显差异,而常规设施种植下,两者没有明显差异;有机种植模式下,轮作土壤细菌群落多样性高于连作土壤;设施种植土壤细菌群落主要属于鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas,5.05%)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus,4.84%),相对丰度大于0.5%的共有14个属。有机设施种植土壤含有较多促进植物生长、有机质分解的细菌,常规设施种植土壤中降解化学杀虫剂、防治土壤病害、促进硝化过程的细菌较多。RDA分析结果显示土壤细菌群落主要受全磷、速效磷、有机质的影响。Tumebacillus、Candidatus Solibacter和Acidothermus都是分解有机质、利用碳源的细菌属,与土壤有机质含量呈正相关关系。由此可见,设施条件下,有机和常规种植土壤微生物群落结构的差异性主要源于肥料使用、有害生物防治措施和管理方式的不同。有机设施种植模式下,轮作更有利于发挥其改良土壤营养循环和防治土壤病虫害的作用。上述结果为在微生物水平上研究设施条件下不同种植模式的土壤生态质量差异提供了参考。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of organic and conventional facility planting patterns and rotation on soil bacterial diversity and community structure, high throughput sequencing technique Hiseq 2500 was used in this study. In June 2016 (crop harvest period), successive cropping of leafy vegetables under organic and conventional facility cultivation patterns in Shunyi District, Beijing, was carried out. The 16s r RNA of soil bacteria was sequenced under continuous cropping of eggplant fruit and rotation of leaf eggplant. A total of 17 278 (operational taxonomic units were obtained after quality control, and a total of 318,851 valid sequences were obtained. The relationship between bacterial diversity, bacterial community structure, relative abundance, soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community diversity under different cropping patterns and rotation was compared. The results showed that the structure of soil microbial communities was significantly different between organic and conventional facilities, and the diversity of bacteria in organic facilities was higher than that in conventional facilities. There were significant differences in bacterial community structure between rotation and continuous cropping under organic facilities, but there was no significant difference between them under conventional cultivation, and the diversity of bacterial communities in rotation soil was higher than that in continuous cropping under organic cultivation model. The bacterial communities in the soil were mainly sphingomonas (Sphingomonas sphingomonas 5.05%) and Bacillus (4.84%). There were 14 genera with relative abundance greater than 0.5%. Organic facility planting soil contains more bacteria that promote plant growth and decompose organic matter. Conventional facilities plant soil degrades chemical insecticides to prevent and cure soil diseases. The results of RDA analysis showed that soil bacterial community was mainly affected by total phosphorus, available phosphorus, organic matter. Tumebacillus Candidatus Solibacter and Acidothermus were decomposed organic matter. The bacteria of carbon source were positively correlated with the content of soil organic matter. It can be seen that the difference of microbial community structure between organic and conventional planting soils under the condition of facilities is mainly due to the differences in fertilizer use, pest control measures and management methods. Under the organic facility planting mode, rotation is more beneficial to improve soil nutrient circulation and control soil diseases and insect pests. The results provided a reference for the study of soil ecological quality of different planting patterns at microbial level.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室/北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室/北京师范大学地理科学学部;鲁东大学资源与环境工程学院;中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所/海岸带生物学与生物资源利用重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD14B03) 国家自然科学基金项目(41371257,41573071)资助~~
【分类号】：S154.36

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