密度与氮量对复种油菜土壤肥力性状的影响

发布时间：2018-06-28 15:52

本文选题：种植密度 + 施氮量　；参考：《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2017年07期

【摘要】：通过田间小区试验,研究了不同油菜种植密度与施氮肥对麦茬复种油菜苗期和收获期耕层土壤(0~15cm)肥力性状的影响.结果表明,复种饲料油菜能明显提高耕层土壤有机质、速效钾、碱解氮、速效磷、有机碳(OC)和易氧化有机碳(ROOC)质量分数以及氮利用效率,而土壤稳定性有机碳(SOC)质量分数与有机碳氧化稳定系数(K_(os))明显降低.在油菜苗期,随种植密度提高,土壤有机质先增后减,全氮不断减少,氮效率以及碱解氮、全磷、速效磷质量分数逐渐提高,随增施氮肥水平提高,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和碱解氮质量分数均不断提高,氮效率与速效磷质量分数不断减少;在收获期,随种植密度提高,土壤有机质先增后减,全氮、全磷不断减少,碱解氮、速效磷和氮效率不断增加,随增施氮肥水平提高,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷质量分数逐渐提高,氮效率却不断降低,差异分析均无统计学意义.随种植密度和施氮肥水平提高,耕层土壤中OC,ROOC和ROOC百分比均不断提高,而SOC,SOC百分比和K_(os)均逐渐降低,差异分析均有统计学意义.耕层土壤OC和K_(os)分别与有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾呈明显的正相关性和负相关性(p0.05或p0.01),表明土壤OC和K_(os)可作为土壤有效养分利用潜力的表征指标.
[Abstract]:The effects of different rape planting density and nitrogen fertilizer on the fertility of cultivated layer soil (0~15cm) at seedling and harvest stage of wheat stubble rape were studied by field plot experiment. The results showed that soil organic matter, available potassium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, rapidly available phosphorus, organic carbon (OC), easily oxidized organic carbon (ROOC) and nitrogen utilization efficiency were significantly increased by multiple cropping forage rapeseed. However, the mass fraction of soil stable organic carbon (SOC) and the oxidation stability coefficient of organic carbon (K _ (os) decreased significantly. At seedling stage of rape, soil organic matter increased first and then decreased, total nitrogen decreased, nitrogen efficiency and mass fraction of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus gradually increased with the increase of planting density, soil organic matter and total nitrogen increased. Total phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen mass fraction increased continuously, nitrogen efficiency and available phosphorus mass fraction decreased continuously, soil organic matter increased first and then decreased, total nitrogen and total phosphorus decreased continuously, and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, soil organic matter increased and then decreased with the increase of planting density in harvest period. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus mass fraction gradually increased, but nitrogen efficiency decreased continuously with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level, but the difference analysis was not statistically significant. With the increase of planting density and nitrogen application level, the percentage of OC ROOC and ROOC in topsoil increased, while the percentage of SOC and K _ (os) decreased gradually, and the difference analysis was statistically significant. Soil OC and K _ (os) were positively and negatively correlated with organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, respectively (p0.05 or p0.01), indicating that OC and K _ (os) could be used as indicators of soil available nutrient utilization potential.
【作者单位】：西南大学农学与生物科技学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31271673) 中国科技部农业科技成果转化项目(02EFN216200601) 中央高校基本业务费专项项目(XDJK2016C105)
【分类号】：S158;S565.4

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