滇中典型植物群落叶片性状对土壤磷素的响应及其对水土保持功能的测度

发布时间：2018-06-29 17:25

本文选题：叶片性状 + 功能多样性　；参考：《云南大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：了解区域环境因子对植物的影响,同时对人工构建群落的功能进行测度是功能性植被恢复的关键环节。植物性状作为联系环境因子-群落特征-群落结构和功能间关系的重要桥梁,能对土壤因子的变化做出响应,进而作用群落的结构和功能。然而,植物性状对地质性贫磷及富磷土壤做出何种响应,以及这种响应在多大程度上影响了群落的功能尚未有明确的结论。本研究针对这一问题,选择气候条件较为相似而土壤磷含量具有极大差异的滇中飒马场小流域及柴河小流域典型群落为研究对象,系统比较两个研究区内植物及群落叶片性状,并通过植物磷响应性状集的甄选,响应性状集对群落功能多样性的贡献,以及磷响应性状集中对群落抗土壤侵蚀能力及土壤养分流失的水土保持功能的贡献进行分析,探讨土壤磷因子-植物性状多样性-群落结构与功能间关系,为滇中贫磷、富磷相关区域水土保持及面源污染防控功能型植被恢复与构建提供理论支撑。相关研究结论如下：(1)飒马场贫磷区与柴河富磷区在气候等环境条件上具有相似性,而土壤养分特征及典型群落的物种多样性具有较大差异,其中柴河富磷区典型群落土壤磷含量大于2.0g/kg,显著大于飒马场贫磷区(0.2g/kg)。土壤磷含量以全磷或有效磷的形式深刻影响了飒马场贫磷区及柴河富磷区典型群落物种的组成和分布,是影响物种及群落特征的重要参数之一。(2)飒马场贫磷区及柴河富磷区10个典型群落55个物种12个叶片性状的的叶干物质含量、片厚度等性状均有不同程度的显著差异。采用YNCASC递归算法对贫磷区及富磷区植物的土壤磷素响应性状进行甄选,结果显示：叶片饱和含水量(LWC)+叶片厚度(LT)+单位质量叶磷含量(P-mass)+叶片氮磷比(N/P)+叶片磷钾比(P/K)五个功能性状组成飒马场贫磷区叶片性状对土壤P含量响应的最优性状集；同时,叶片厚度(LT)+单位质量叶氮含量(N-mass)+单位质量叶磷含量(P-mass)+单位质量叶钾含量(K-mass)4个功能性状组成柴河富磷区叶片性状对土壤P含量响应的最优性状集。其中两地植物叶片厚度及单位质量叶磷含量均对土壤磷含量产生响应。(3)土壤磷差异导致两地物种不同的适应策略,贫/富磷区群落均对土壤磷产生响应,表现出对土壤磷“低磷限制,高磷胁迫”的特征。富磷导致植物叶片及冠层具有高的LA, LT, SLA, LWC, N-mass, K-mass和低的LMA, LDWC,趋向于“高生产,高消耗,快速周转”策略。(4)飒马场贫磷区及柴河富磷区群落植物叶片性状多样性与群落水土保持功能间具有紧密关联。冠层特征对群落水土保持功能具有明显调节作用；冠层功能分异度指数对群落地表径流、土壤侵蚀及氮磷流失具有负效应；同时冠层功能均匀度的增加有利于群落抗土壤侵蚀能力的增加。(5)在贫磷区和富磷区,磷响应性状的多样性对群落功能丰富度及分异度的解释率可达60%以上；磷响应性状集对贫磷区群落地表径流、土壤侵蚀及氮磷输出的直接解释率高于34.6%,对富磷区群落磷输出的直接解释率高达91.8%,但磷响应性状集对富磷区地表径流、土壤侵蚀的测度极为低效。提示土壤磷对贫磷区植物群落水土保持功能的调节作用较富磷区更为显著。综合以上结论：受到土壤磷素差异的影响,贫磷区及富磷区植物、以及他们组成的群落在功能性状特征、群落功能多样性、群落水土保持功能三方面均发生了不同程度的变化；贫磷区及富磷区土壤磷含量差异对群落物种分布的影响,以及植物物种叶片性状对土壤磷含量差异的响应,共同作用导致群落林冠特征的差异,进而影响群落水土保持及氮磷输出功能。同时,贫磷区植物群落对土壤磷素的响应及对群落水土保持功能的调节作用较富磷区更为显著,表明土壤磷素的极大差异会导致群落或物种适应策略发生改变,进而可能导致群落功能发生转移或变换；另一方面,富磷区植物倾向于拥有更短的叶片寿命和更低的干物质生产能力,叶片较快的养分周转速率而相对低效的径流控能力导致更多的氮磷养分进入地表径流,建议在富磷区进行水土保持功能群落构建的过程中,选择相对代谢速率较低的滇油杉及水土保持功能较好的旱冬瓜等多种物种,同时提高群落的功能丰富度及分异度,进而提高群落高磷耐受能力,改善群落水土保持功能。
[Abstract]:To understand the effects of regional environmental factors on plants and to measure the function of artificial communities is the key link in functional vegetation restoration. As an important bridge linking environmental factors, community characteristics, community structure and functional relationships, plant traits can respond to the change of soil factors, and then the structure of the community and the structure of the community. However, the response of plant traits to geological poor phosphorus and phosphorus rich soils and the extent to which this response has affected the function of the community has not yet been clearly concluded. The typical community is the research object. The plant and community leaf traits in the two research areas are systematically compared, and the contribution of the response traits to the functional diversity of the community, as well as the contribution of the phosphorus response traits to the soil erosion ability and the soil nutrient loss of the soil by the selection of the plant phosphorus response character collection are systematically compared. The relationship between soil phosphorus factor and plant character diversity - the relationship between community structure and function is discussed. The theoretical support is provided for the restoration and construction of poor phosphorus, soil and water conservation and non-point source pollution prevention and control functional vegetation in Central Yunnan. The following conclusions are as follows: (1) there is a phase in the climate and other environmental conditions of the phosphorous and phosphorus rich areas of the sayma field and the Chai River. The characteristics of soil nutrients and the species diversity of typical communities have great differences. Among them, the phosphorus content in the typical community of the phosphorus rich area of the Qaidam river is greater than that of 2.0g/kg, which is significantly greater than that of the poor phosphorus area of the SA horse field (0.2g/kg). The soil phosphorus content in the form of total phosphorus or available phosphorus deeply affects the typical community species in the phosphorus poor area and the phosphorus rich area of the Chai River. Composition and distribution are one of the important parameters affecting the characteristics of species and community. (2) there are significant differences in leaf dry matter content, slice thickness and other traits of 12 leaf traits of 55 species of 10 typical communities in the poor phosphorus area of SA Ma field and 10 typical communities in the phosphorus rich area of Chai He river. The soil phosphorus in the poor phosphorus and phosphorus rich area plants by YNCASC recursion algorithm. The results showed that the saturated water content (LWC) + leaf thickness (LT) + per unit mass leaf phosphorus content (P-mass) + leaf nitrogen and phosphorus ratio (N/P) + leaf phosphorus and potassium ratio (P/K) five functional traits made up of the optimality sets of the soil P content of the soil, while the leaf thickness (LT) + unit mass leaf nitrogen was at the same time. The content (N-mass) + per unit mass leaf phosphorus content (P-mass) + unit mass leaf potassium content (K-mass) composed of 4 functional traits in the phosphorus rich area of Chai River was the optimal form of response to the soil P content. The leaf thickness and the unit mass leaf phosphorus content of the two plants were all responsive to the soil phosphorus content. (3) the difference of soil phosphorus resulted in two species. Different adaptation strategies, poor / phosphorus rich communities respond to soil phosphorus, showing the characteristics of soil phosphorus "low phosphorus restriction, high phosphorus stress". The phosphorus rich causes plant leaves and canopy to have high LA, LT, SLA, LWC, N-mass, K-mass and low LMA, LDWC, and tend to "high production, high consumption, fast turnover" strategy. (4) phosphorus poor in the valley There is a close relationship between the diversity of plant leaf traits and the function of soil and water conservation in the community of the region and the Chai River. The canopy feature has a clear regulation on the soil and water conservation function of the community, and the canopy functional differentiation index has a negative effect on the surface runoff, soil erosion and the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the increase of the function uniformity of the canopy. It is beneficial to increase the ability of soil erosion resistance. (5) in the poor phosphorus and phosphorus rich areas, the diversity of phosphorus response traits can explain more than 60% of the functional richness and diversity of the community, and the direct interpretation rate of phosphorus response characters to the surface runoff of the phosphorus poor community, soil erosion and the output of nitrogen and phosphorus is higher than 34.6%, and phosphorus transport in the phosphorus rich region community. The direct interpretation rate is as high as 91.8%, but the measurement of phosphorus response characteristics is extremely inefficient. It suggests that soil phosphorus is more significant in regulating soil and water conservation function of plant communities in poor phosphorus areas than in phosphorus rich areas. The community has different degree changes in three aspects of functional traits, community function diversity and community soil and water conservation, the influence of phosphorus content differences in soil poor and phosphorus rich areas on community species distribution, and the response of plant species leaf traits to soil phosphorus content differences, and the common effect leads to community forest. The difference in crown characteristics affects soil and water conservation and the function of nitrogen and phosphorus output. At the same time, the response of the plant community to soil phosphorus and the function of soil and water conservation in the community are more significant than that in the phosphorus rich region, which indicates that the great difference in soil phosphorus can lead to the change of the community or species adaptation strategy and may lead to the community. On the other hand, the plants in the phosphorus rich region tend to have shorter leaf life and lower dry matter production capacity. The relatively low efficiency of nutrient turnover and relatively low efficient flow control results in more nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients entering the surface runoff. It is suggested that the soil and water conservation community should be constructed in the phosphorus rich region. During the process, a variety of species such as the relatively low relative metabolic rate and the better water and soil conservation function were selected, at the same time, the functional richness and diversity of the community were improved, and the high phosphorus tolerance ability of the community was improved and the soil and water conservation function of the community was improved.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q948;S157

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