基于农户支付意愿的三峡库区农业面源污染防治政策选择

发布时间：2018-07-01 21:04

本文选题：三峡库区 + 支付意愿　；参考：《重庆师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：长期以来,在我国对环境污染的管控中,一直有重视点源污染,轻视面源污染的弊端。近年来,我国农户为了提高生产效益,大量甚至超量施用化肥、农药等,造成了严重的农业面源污染,导致农业环境破坏加剧,制约了农业的可持续发展。三峡库区独特的自然环境条件易造成面源污染,对库区水环境的极大影响。为了有针对性的提出防治措施,实现三峡库区水环境保护的可持续发展,加强农业面源污染的防治是非常必要的。三峡库区由于其特殊的地位,成为全国最为重要的敏感生态经济区之一。但库区地形特殊,社会经济结构不合理,农业面源污染的压力较普通地区更大,因此,关于该区农业面源污染的研究也非常必要。本文基于三峡库区面源污染的现状特征,分析该区面源污染的影响因素,选取三峡库区重庆段的部分区县的典型区域为研究对象,并以典型区域农户关于面源污染调查问卷数据为基础,对农户参与农业面源污染治理的支付意愿进行回归分析(本文主要涉及土壤和水质两个环境因素),借鉴参考发达国家农业面源的防治措施,得出三峡库区面源污染的防治对策,以期为该区面源污染的防治提供借鉴参考。本文研究的主要结论:(1)经过农户面源污染的认知调查,72.92%的农户对其概念认识不清,并且没有意识到农业面源污染的危害。(2)对于水质和土壤污染的治理方面,分别有20.58%和45.13%愿意以捐款和义工的形式对水质的改善做出支付,分别有27.8%和55.6%愿意以捐款和义工的形式对土壤的改善做出支付。(3)经Logistic回归分析,得出以下结论:农户家庭收入、农户农产品占家庭总收入比重、农户年龄、耕地面积、农户的文化程度对其改善水质和土壤的支付意愿呈显著相关。农户对水污染和土壤污染愿意一次支付的数额对水质和土壤质量改善支付的意愿影响不显著。(4)农户关于农业面源污染防治意识薄弱,部分农户拒绝为防治面源污染支付,绝大部分农户对面源污染防治有从众心理。基于国外及其他地区的农业面源污染的防治,本文提出三峡库区防治农业面源污染的防治对策。建议短期内对农业面源污染的防治以经济补偿,和加强对相关知识的教育和宣传为主,同时国家应尽快健全相关农村监测机制,因地制宜的开展农业面源污染防治。
[Abstract]:For a long time, in the control of environmental pollution in China, there has always been a focus on point source pollution, despise the abuse of non-point source pollution. In recent years, in order to improve the efficiency of agricultural production, farmers in our country have applied a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which has caused serious agricultural non-point source pollution, aggravated the damage of agricultural environment, and restricted the sustainable development of agriculture. The unique natural environment conditions of the three Gorges Reservoir area are easy to cause non-point source pollution and have a great impact on the water environment of the reservoir area. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in order to put forward the prevention measures and realize the sustainable development of water environment protection in the three Gorges Reservoir area. Because of its special status, the three Gorges Reservoir area has become one of the most important sensitive ecological economic zones in China. But the topography of the reservoir area is special, the social economic structure is unreasonable, and the pressure of agricultural non-point source pollution is greater than that of the common area. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the agricultural non-point source pollution in this area. Based on the current characteristics of non-point source pollution in the three Gorges Reservoir area, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the non-point source pollution in this area, and selects the typical areas of some counties in Chongqing section of the three Gorges Reservoir area as the research objects. And based on the questionnaire data of farmers about non-point source pollution in typical regions, Based on the regression analysis of farmers' willingness to pay for agricultural non-point source pollution control (this paper mainly involves two environmental factors, soil and water quality), and referring to the control measures of agricultural non-point source in developed countries, the countermeasures of prevention and control of non-point source pollution in the three Gorges Reservoir area are obtained. In order to provide reference for the prevention and control of non-point source pollution in this area. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) 72.92% of the farmers do not understand the concept of non-point source pollution and do not realize the harm of agricultural non-point source pollution. (2) on the water quality and soil pollution control, 72.92% of the farmers do not understand the concept of the non-point source pollution, and they are not aware of the harm of agricultural non-point source pollution. 20.58% and 45.13% were willing to pay for the improvement of water quality in the form of donations and volunteers, and 27.8% and 55.6% were willing to pay for the improvement of soil quality in the form of donations and volunteers, respectively. (3) by logistic regression analysis, the following conclusions were drawn: household income of farmers, The proportion of agricultural products to total household income, the age of farmers, the area of cultivated land, and the education level of farmers were significantly related to the improvement of water quality and the willingness to pay for the soil. The amount of farmers willing to pay for water pollution and soil pollution had no significant effect on the willingness to pay for the improvement of water quality and soil quality. (4) the awareness of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention was weak, and some farmers refused to pay for the prevention of non-point source pollution. The vast majority of farmers have a crowd mentality to prevent and control non-point source pollution. Based on the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in foreign countries and other regions, this paper puts forward the prevention and control countermeasures of agricultural non-point source pollution in the three Gorges Reservoir area. It is suggested that the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the short term should be based on economic compensation and strengthen the education and publicity of related knowledge. At the same time, the country should improve the relevant rural monitoring mechanism as soon as possible and carry out agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control according to local conditions.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X71

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